[Effectiveness of grouped spiritual psychotherapy on patients with opium using disorder]

Introduction: Some scientists believe that the definition of Bio-psychosocial is not a comprehensive definition for humankind. They are willing to add the spirituality as a part of human being

Methods: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a spiritual group therapy among patients with opium using disorders in Tehran. This study was a clinical trial in which 61 opium users were selected using simple sampling from patient referred to the Iranian national center for addiction studies and two other private centers. Patients were divided into two equal intervention and control groups. The intervention group was treated by spiritual group therapy presented at Yale University, modified according to the Iranian/Islamic culture of the participants within eight sessions in eight weeks. Urine morphine test was done for each participant every week. The Beck depression test, Beck anxiety test and quality of life test [the short form Health survey SF36] were completed before, during and after the intervention

Results: The mean scores of the depression test [p>0.002], anxiety test [p>0.001], and the short form health survey SF 36 test [p>0.001] were improved in the intervention group after the intervention. Although urine morphine test showed a negative trend, the decline was not statistically significant [p<0.75]

Conclusion: This package showed to be effective in many dimensions of psycho-somatic, social and spiritual health of opium users. Subsequent interventions with more modified packages may be more influential

[Validity of the Iranian version of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV [SCID-I] in the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders]

To assess the validity of diagnoses obtained with the Iranian version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV [SCID-I]. This study was undertaken in two stages: [a] translation of SCID-I into Persian [Iranian language], [b] assessing the validity of the Persian version in a sample of Iranian patients. We recruited 299 psychiatric patients- including inpatients and ambulatory cases- from 3 teaching hospitals. A trained SCID interviewer administered the SCID and then two psychiatrists developed a consensus diagnosis, using data from multiple sources. The degree of agreement between SCID interviews and psychiatrists' diagnosis ranged from "moderate" for obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders to "good" for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. With the psychiatrists' diagnosis used as the gold standard, the SCID-based diagnosis showed high specificity and moderate to high sensitivity for most psychiatric diseases. The results of this study indicate that the Iranian version of the SCID is a valid instrument for diagnosis in clinical settings

Assessing of mental health level of employed nurses in educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran Medical Sciences University

Attention to mental health is important in all aspects of life such as individual, social and occupational. Inattention to mental health is one of the most important factors in reduced productivity, be losed humanpower and develops physical and mental complications especially in professional services. Considering nurses role in health system and necessary for high motivation in work place to health security about this grand group and referral persons to them, we accomplished this research to studding of mental health nursing staff in educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran medical sciences university. This is a descriptive correlational and cross- sectional study, we performed on 200 nurses who were selected via probable multistage sampling. Data collecting tool were including demographic characteristics and General Health Questionnaire -28 [GHQ-28]. The findings regarding to level of mental health showed that 43% samples were symptomatic and 57% of them were asymptomatic. There was not significant correlation between mental health and demographic characteristics such as marital status, children numerous, economic satisfaction. But relationship between mental health and variables consisting of job history, overtime work and shift was significant. The mean score of menal health was 23/29 that in comparison with general population in Iran is high numeral. Nurses mental health to several causes toward other community people exposed to risk. The most important reasons that we could point for these findings, are job stressors identity, strain, exposing to disasters situations, shifts, organizational and individual factors

[Validity of a Farsi translation of the composite international diagnostic interview [CIDI] to diagnose schizophrenia and bipolar disorder]

The Composite International Diagnostic Interview [CIDI] is a comprehensive, standardized diagnostic interview for the assessment of psychiatric disorders. There have been few studies on the validity of the CIDI. The objective of present study was to assess the validity of a Farsi translation of the complete CIDI and its psychosis/mania module in five referral clinical psychiatric settings. Two hundred and three as well as 104 consecutive admissions were interviewed using the complete and the psychosis/mania module, respectively. Within two days of the CIDI interview, two last year residents of psychiatry or psychiatrist who were blind to the CIDI diagnosis completed the Clinical diagnostic checklists [based on DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria] simultaneously and reached the consensus diagnosis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 11 to determine the validity of CIDI. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of schizophrenia was 0.12 and 0.96 using DSM-IV criteria. According to ICD-10 criteria, the results were the same with 0.19% sensitivity and 0.96% specificity. The sensitivity for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder was low [0.21 using DSM-IV criteria and 0.17% using ICD-10] and specificity, high [0.90 compared to DSM-IV and 0.89 compared to ICD-10 criteria]. The results were rather similar for the psychosis/mania module of CIDI. This study suggests that the Farsi translation of both the complete CIDI and the psychosis/mania module of CIDI have good specificity, but poor sensitivity for the diagnosis of schizophrenia and of bipolar I disorder

Autobiographical memory and problem- solving performance in life-death continum: a research on the depressed patients

This study aimed to determine the relationship between generality in retrieval from autobiographical memory in depressed patients and functional deficit in problem-solving strategies. This survey analyzed the findings of several previous studies that investigated the subject of retrieval from autobiographical memory and the process of problem-solving among four groups: Healthy [n=20], depressed without suicidal ideation [n=20], depressed with suicidal ideation [n=20], and depressed with suicidal attempt [n=20]. In fact, investigating the specific details of the cognitive performance on the continuum of "healthy-depressed-suicidal ideator-suicidal attempter" can reveal a clear picture of the subject. Despite a significant difference between the performance of healthy and suicidal non-ideator groups on one hand, and the performance of suicidal ideator and suicide attempter groups on the other hand, this difference is minimal between the performance of suicidal ideators and suicidal attempters in retrieval from autobiographical memory and problem-solving strategies. Increment in the level of hopelessness is directly associated with over generality in retrieval from autobiographical memory in response to desirable word-stimuli

Mood swings in different weathers and during seasonal changes in normal population

This study aimed to investigate the impact of seasonal changes and weather conditions on the mood of people in Tehran. One-hundred and fifteen subjects were tested every season for one year, using UWIST, Beck's Anxiety Inventory [BAI], and Beck's Depression Inventory [BDI]. Data were analyzed by MANOV A with repeated measures. The results showed that the pattern of positive mood changes was: spring, winter, autumn, and summer [decreasing order]. An inverse pattern was found for negative moods: summer, autumn, winter, and spring. Regarding weather conditions, spring rain accompanied more positive and less negative moods. In the rainy weather, the study subjects had the best mental state. Other circumstances that would probably have some effects on people's mood were also discussed. Gender factor had no main or contributing effect. Seasons and weather conditions can affect people's mood

[Prevalence of anxiety disorders in Tehran City]

Objectives: This research investigated the prevalence of anxiety disorder among Tehranian population ages 20-64 years in summer and winter 1999-2000

Method: 1070 Tehranian were selected by random cluster sampling method and then they participated in screening anxiety test[Beck Anxiety Inventory].Those, whose scores were higher than the cut of point in anxiety inventory, were psychiatrically interviewed. In case of presence of disorder, its type was determined. The interviewers were blind to the result of patient’s anxiety test

Findings: The results showed anxiety disorders in about 15% of subjects and also revealed anxiety level among women subjects is two to three times as much as men

Results: The current research presents similarities and differences in comparison with previous studies

Psychological investigation of the novel [A stone on a grave Jalal Al e Ahmad, 1980]]

Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, a hard working contemporary novelist, in one of his writings, has made an autobiography about a problem, which had preoccupied his minds and life for many years. This was his infertility. In this book, the author probes the problem from the beginning of its appearing; his trials for solving it, eventual excitedly reactions of it, and compatibility with being "childlessness". Memories have been designed as form of a novel. In research work, there is always, this possibility that, a quantitative "approach" cause to deprive us from some "qualitative". May be psychological investigation of some novels specially those, which deal with "problem" of author, could fill this emptiness. This matter is the goal of this article for psychological investigation of infertility