ABSTRACT
Objective: to explore whether or not the determination of 2'-deoxycytidine plasma level can be used as a marker for tumor response to chemotherapy
Subjects: hundred Egyptian women, Fifteen normal volunteers controls and eighty five patients suffering from breast cancer treated repeatedly with Cytoxan , methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil regimen [CMF]
Setting : national Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
Intervention: 2'-deoxycytidine [Dcyd] had been quantitated by HPLC in plasma of normal volunteers and breast cancer patients. The separation of Dcyd from other related compounds was carried out by HPLC system equipped with a Jasco-Tri-rotar V pump and UV spectrophotometer constructed with a Hitachi gel No.3012 and column [4.6mm x 15cm], Hitachi. Tokyo, Japan
Results: a positive correlation was observed between Dcyd level and the number of courses received. In patients receiving over 15 courses, Dcyd plasma levels were 6 fold higher than that found in the normal volunteers. Postmenopausal patients exhibited 50% higher Dcyd level than in premenopausal cases. Dcyd level in patients with lymph node positive was also 5 fold higher than the level observed in patients with free lymph nodes treated with high number of chemotherapeutic courses. With respect to the clinical response, non-responders showed 6 fold higher plasma Dcyd level than responders
Conclusion: it seems that determination of plasma level of Dcyd may be a good prognostic tumor marker and may be help in assessment early response to chemotherapeutic regimen
ABSTRACT
Bladder carcinoma is the most prevalent cancer in Egypt and in most African countries, where it causes 30.3% of all cancers. Bliharzial infestation causes bilharzial bladder cancer, a preventable malignant disease, which arises in a background of schistosomiasis. From this point of view, the aim of the present investigation is to select a good marker, which may be considered as a new trend to assess any disturbance that occurs in tissue insult and to differentiate between cancer bladder with and without schistosomiasis. Succinate dehydrogenase [SDH], glucose-6- phosphatase [G-6-Pase], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] isoenzymes and 5-nucleotidase were detected in bladder tissue, while tyrosinase, tyrosine aminotransferase [TAT] and protein profile were detected in patients serum. The results showed that, patients with bilharzial bladder cancer disease recorded more significant inhibition values in both succinate dehydrogenase and glucose-6- phosphatase enzyme activities than in patients with cancer disease as compared to the normal bladder tissue, while higher significant elevation levels of 5-nucleotidase, tyrosinase and tyrosime aminotransferase were observed. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes recorded variation in its subunits, where LDH-l, showed significant decreased level in patients with bilharzial bladder cancer disease, while significant increased level in patients with cancer was noticed and the reverse for LDH-4 and LDH-S. Concerning immunoelectrophoretic separation pattern of serum protein profile, it recorded higher significant depression level of albumin, prealbumin,alpha-lipoprotein,beta-lipoprotein, alpha-macroglobulin, alpha-acid glycoprotein, alpha-l-antitrypsin, cholinesterase, ceruloplasmin, haemopexin, hepatoglobin, transferrin as well as total protein in bilharzial bladder cancer cases than in bladder cancer only as compared to the control group. In conclusion, significant changes in all biochemical parameters studied were noticed especially in patients with bilharizial bladder cancer than bladder cancer only
ABSTRACT
Carcinoma of the breast is the most prevalent cancer among Egyptian women and constitutes 29% of National Cancer Institute cases. Median age at diagnosis is one decade younger than in countries of Europe and North America and most patients are premenopausal. Tumours are relatively advanced at presentation. The majority of tumours are invasive duct subtype and the profile of hormone receptors is positive for estrogen receptors and /or progesterone receptors in less than half of cases. This overview examines genetic changes, potential and established predictive and prognostic markers and end results of surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapy for early, locally advanced and metastatic disease stages. Disease presentations common to the region and early detection strategies are presented