[Relationship between malnutritional and serum level of Iron, Zinc, Calcium and Magnesium in 6-36 months hospitalized children]

Background and Objective: Malnutrition is considered as one of most serious disorder in childhood. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and its relation to serum level of Magnesium, Zinc, Iron and Calcium in 6-36 months hospitalized children

Methods: In this case-control study upon CDC chart, 166 children were in control group diagnosed with no malnutrition and 151 children were also in case group with malnutrition. BMI and serum level of Magnesium, Zinc, Iron and Calcium were measeared for each child

Results: Out of 151 children with malnutrition, 128 [84.76%] and 23 [15.23%] were involved in mild and moderate malnutrition, respectively. The serum level of Magnesium and Zinc in case group was nonsignificantly lower than controls, while the serum level of Calcium and Iron non-significantly higher than controls. BMI was significantly reduced in cases in compared to controls and this reduction was related with malnutrition [95% CI: 0.38-0.59, OR=0.47, P<0.05]

Conclusion: Malnutrition in 6-36 month children was not related to serum level of Zinc, Magnesium, Iron and Calcium, while children with malnutrition had lower body mass index

[Clarification of knowledge translation in health system]

Introduction: Knowledge translation is a frequently observed concept in current health science literatures. However, there is no congruence about its definition and properties. Analysis of concept helps researchers to achieve a uniform, clear and understandable description. This study accomplished on 2009 to clarify and reduce ambiguities associated with the meaning of knowledge translation and promote the concept consistency in related literatures

Methods: Walker and Avant's eight-step model was used as the method. After extensive review of all published articles until 2009, we included 29 relevant articles in the analysis. By following the steps of model, definitions, characteristics, applications, antecedents and consequences and empirical referents of the concept were derived

Results: According to the analysis, essential attributes of knowledge translation were emphasize on research knowledge application in practice, ongoing collaboration among knowledge producers and knowledge users, interactional and nonlinear process, and dependency on user and final context. In addition, the consequences of successful knowledge translation were community health promotion; more effective health services, improvement in practice and strengthen of the health care system

Conclusion: Since knowledge translation process in our country is relatively new and unknown, this concept analysis can improve implementation of more extent studies and development of research tools for identification of its barriers and facilitators and its execution

[Effectiveness of oral sucrose on pain severity in term newborn undergoing heel prick]

Pain is perceived from 28[th] week of gestation and has adverse effects on newborn development. Therefore, using palliative methods during noxious procedures in newborn units are necessary. The goal of this study was determine effectiveness of oral sucrose on pain severity in term newborns undergoing heel prick. In this randomized controlled trial, 120 term newborns undergoing heel prick that was admitted in pediatric medical educational center of Gorgan were selected and randomly assigned into three groups: intervention, control and placebo. Then 2 minutes before heel prick either 2ML 25% sucrose or sterile water was instilled into mouth of infants in intervention or placebo groups by syringe, respectively. The newborns of control group didn't take anything. Heart rate and O2 saturation of all newborns froin two minutes before to three minutes after heel prick were measured and recorded. In all cases, heel prick was done by an expert nurse that was blind to assignment methods. The pain related to heel prick was measured using the CRIES [Crying; Requires increased oxygen administration; Increased vital signs; Expression; Sleeplessness] scale. During process, status of newborns faces was recorded. The films were observed by two independent assessors that were blind to goal of the study and scored base on CRIES scale. Gathered data was analyzed by ANOVA, Bonferroni and Krusskal-wallis statistic tests. According to the results, there wasnt any significant difference in sex, age, weight, admission duration, heart rate and O2 saturation among newborns before heel prick. Whereas, after intervention, except cry duration, there was significant difference in all pain parameters such as pain severity score, heart rate and O2 saturation between intervention and control groups [p<0.05]. Based on results, we can offer oral sucrose [25%] as an analgesic agent before heel prick in term newborns

[Behavioral disorders and related factors in school age children of Gorgan]

Acquiring information regarding the extend and prevalence of pediatric behavioral disorders and their predisposing factors is essential in improving psychological services and establishing preventive indicators for children's mental health. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of behavioral disorders of school age children and related epidemiological factors, in Gorgan city, in 2005-2006. A cross sectional study was carried out using multistage cluster sampling method to recruit 2600 school age children. Data were collected through Rutter's parent questionnaire [RA[2] a standard tool which parents completed. A cutoff point of 13 was considered and children with total score of 13 or more were regarded to be disordered. Descriptive statistics and odds-Ratio and chi-square tests were used to analysis the data. Most of the samples were female [52.8%], first child with mean age of 9.25 +/- 1.5, having both parents living with them [94.5%] and were studying in governmental schools [72.7%]. in view of the regarded cutoff point, 18.4% of children suffered from behavioral disorders. There was significant correlations between having behavioral disorder with being in single parent family, crowded and low income families, history of crisis during the previous year, job and education of the parents, and children schools [P<0.05]. Considering the higher prevalence of behavior disorders found in current study compare to many others, investigating the explanations and reasons for as well as providing educational and consultation services is necessary

[Impact of group and individual education of family Practice of women]

It is very important to choose a proper teaching training method to stimulate people to improve the quality and standard of their life. A proper family planning practice is one of such methods. This study is a semiexperimental research which was carried out during 2004 with the aim of comparing the two way of either individually or group eduction on the subsequent results of family planning practice among the sample populations. Sample population all were the women whom referred to the two health centers in Gorgan. 218 women were choosed by simple methods, and were divided in two groups of 109 randomly. The case and control group were trained in group and in individual respectively. After the training was finshed the women were asked their method of family planning of their choice. 3-6 month afterward this study was focused on the women continuation use of their choices. Collected information was recorded using a questionairs. The results were analyzed using statistic tests such as chi square in SPSS software. There was not a meaningfull differences in the efficay of either methods in this sample population, therefore it is suggested to use a group training as it is cheaper and the training is possible to be carried out by few health workers

[Relationship between depression and associated demographic factors in patients on haemodialysis]

The scale of depression and the cost of prevention in some disease such as chronic renal failure is high. The present study was set up to determine the scale of depression among the haemodialysis patients. The present study a crosssectional research. The sample population was all of the haemodialysis patients in the Golestan province [129 patients with the age group 11-77 years]. The infromation gathered using, two questionairs included demographic characteristic and Beck depression inventory [BDI]. It showed that 37.2% of patients suffered from low to modrate depression and 31% from severe depression. Among different variable there was only significant correlation between depression and etiology of chronic renal failure [P<0.05]. This study showed that depression is a serious problem in haemodialysis patients and a threat for their health. It is suggested that periodic psychiatric clinical examination should be carried out to have early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of haemodialysis patients

[ comparison of total protein / creatinine ratio versus 24-hour urine protein in women with suspected preeclampsia]

Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy it's about 5-7 percent in pregnants and it may complicate mother or fetus which ends with death. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the protein / creatinine ratio in prediction of 24-hour urine total among women with suspected preeclampsia. 60 women who were evaluated for suspected preeclampsia at >/- 24 weeks of gestation were studied prospectively in Deziani hospital Gorgan. There was no concurrent or preexisting systemic disease. They were undergoing a 24-hour urine collection for the determination of proteinuria. A single voided urine specimen was obtained after completion of the 24-hour urine collection and analyzed for the P/C ratio. The random urinary protein to creatinine ratios is strongly associated with the 24-hour total protein excretion [P<0.05, r=0.75]. The best cut off of 0.5 yields a sensitivity of 47% and a specificity of 100%. The random urinary protein to creatinine ratio could replace the 24-hour urine collection as a simple, faster more useful method for the diagnosis of significant protenuria