Comparative study between the effects of yohimbine and sildenafil on erectile dysfunction in stressed male rats

The incidence of erectile dysfunction increases as a result of stressful conditions such as industrialized lifestyles. Both physical and psychological stress may interfere with the reproductive capacity of several species. In this work stress was induced by immersion of rats in cold water [15 minutes/day] for 14 consecutive days. The effects of yohimbine [0.2mg/Kg, i.p.] and sildenafil [20mg/Kg, i.p] on erectile dysfunction of stressed rats were assessed in comparison with control group. Furthermore the levels of testosterone, LH and FSH in blood were evaluated. Results revealed that, immersion of rats in cold water significantly increased mount, intromission, ejaculation latencies and intercopulatory interval indicating a decrease in sexual arousal and motivation, and also decreased ejaculation frequency indicating a decrease in copulatory performance and potency. In addition immersion of rats in cold water for prolonged period could decrease the copulatory activity as evidenced by mating test and decreased testosterone, LH and FSH levels. Results revealed that treatment with yohimbine or sildenafil significantly increased the sexual arousal and potency and corrected the effects induced by stress on the mating behavior of male rats. On the contrary they did not significantly alter testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH] levels

Response of berseem clover Trifolium alexandrinm to rockphosphate fertilization and dual inoculation with rhizobium and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza VAM

sh: :w!: not found fertilization, Rhizobium and mycorrhizae inoculation were practiced. Highest green fodder yield, nodulation along with N and P content of plant were obtained at the second and third cuts whereas, lowest values were recorded with both 1st and 4th ones. The dual inoculation of clover with rhizobia and mycorrhizae improved plant growth parameters compared to the single inoculation practice. Rockphosphate always induced increase in plant growth parameters either with single or double inoculation practice. Root colonization with VAM increased due to inoculation practice with both rhizobia and mycorrhizae. This increase was more pronounced with the interaction between the two symbionts particularly at the second and the third cuts in the presence of rockphosphate

Performance of soybean as affected by bradyrhizobium japonicum and VA mycorrhiza under different levels of and N fertilization

The response of soybean to dual inocatlation with B. joponicwn and VAM fungi was evaluated at different levels of N and P fertilization. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted, VAM and B. japonicum inoculant were applied either alone or combined with different levels of P and N fertilization. Phosphorus fertilization improved nodulation on plant roots, however it was inhibitory for both VAM spore density in soil and VAM colonization percentage of roots. Both rhizobia and VAM improved significantly the plant growth. This effect was extended until the seed filling and maturity stage of plant. The interaction between the host and two symbionts was more efficient on plant growth and its content of N and P

Modulation of the chemotherapeutic action of some amoebicidal drugs by tin-N-phenylimin chloride

Tin-N-phenylimin chloride was tested for its amoebicidal effect on Entamoeba histolytica in vitro and in vivo. Its effects were investigated in combination with metronidazole or bacitracin and compared to the sole effects of each of these drugs or bacitracin zinc. Tin-N-phenylimin chloride or bacitracin zinc was more effective amoebicide than metronidazole or bacitracin on E. histolytica culture. Tin-N-phenylimin chloride synergized the amoebicidal effects of metronidazole or bacitracin to 1.5 and 7.9 times, respectively. Minimal inhibitory and minimal lethal concentrations [MICs, MLCs] were increased in axenic as compared to xenic cultures reaching 1.44-3.5 and 1.05-4.68 times, respectively. The tested drug regimens exhibited a direct amoebicidal effect on E. histolytica in vitro. Clinical effects of these drug regimens were directly proportional to the duration of treatment, reaching a full cure rate five days after treatment. These data indicated that amoebic dysentery cases were advantageously treatable with bacitracin zinc, tin-N-phenylimin chloride or a combination of the latter with metronidazole or bacitracin

Suitability of some agricultural wastes and locally available farm materials for the production of bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants

Field experiments were conducted to assess the performance of some inoculants prepared in several agricultural wastes as carriers for Bradyrhizobium. Peat was used for a comparison. Sterile and non- sterile carriers inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110 were stored at 7 degrees as well as at room temperature, after a period of two weeks incubation, to allow adequate growth of rhizobia before storing. The study also included the effects of inoculation on the nodulation, growth, N-content, yield of soybean and N fixed by the plant rhizobia symbiotic system. Inoculant prepared on cotton seed husk compost as carrier was superior to all other inoculants. Uninoculated plants failed to form nodules. Non-sterile inoculants prepared in berseem straw charcoal, soil and soil reclaimator ameliorator polymeric gel [RAPG] as carriers, did not produce nodular tissue on the roots of the inoculated plants. This indicates that most of rhizobia were not able to survive in such carriers. The response of soybean to inoculation differed according to the type of inoculant. The response of soybean to inoculation was greater with sterile carriers compared to non-sterile carriers

Competition between three bradyrhizobium japonicum strains as affected by strain proportion in inocula

Double strain combinations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110 with strains USDA 138 or TAL 379 mixed in different ratios [1 : 1. 1 : 5, 1 : 10, 1 : 25. 1 : 50, and 1 : 100] were used as inocula for soybean Crowford. Modulation of soybean plants were not affected by changes in ratios of inoculant strains. Increasing the ratio of inocularil strains 138 or 379 to strain 110 resulted in a gradual decrease in plant dry weight, N content and seed yield. A significant decrease in plant dry weight, N content and seed yield was obtained when the ratio exceeded 25 : 1. Strain USDA 110 was more competitive than strain USDA 138 or TAL 379. Strains, USDA 138 or TAL 379 from nodules, reached the same level of USDA 110 nodule occupancy at ratio 25 : 1 for both strains

Field performance of three rhizobium japonicum strains with two soybean cultivars

A field experiment was conducted in a clay loam soil to study the performance of three R. japonicum strains; USDA 110, USDA 138 AND TAL 379; in relation to their N2 fixing potential and competitive relation on two soybean cultivars [Clark and Calland]. Inoculation of soybean cultivars with these strains either singly or in combination induced significant increase in plant dry weight, N2 fixation and seed yield, strain USDA 110 was the most efficient strain in N2 fixation and in increasing seed yield on both cultivars followed by USDA 138, while TAL 379 was the least effective strain. The two soybean cultivars were similar in their response to inoculation. No significant difference in seed yield were observed between Clark and Calland cultivars. The interaction between inoculant strain and soybean cultivar was not significant

Effect of soil conditioners on some biological properties of sandy soil and the diversity of microbes involved in their biodegradation

The application of bitumen and ureaformaldehyde at the two low application rates stimulated the total bacterial, fungal and Azotobacter counts in sandy soil. The higher rate of conditioners applications, however, delayed the proliferation of soil microorganisms for 60 days. The application of bitumen and ureaformaldehyde to sandy soil planting with peanut inoculated with Rhizobium spp. Induced insignificant increase in nodulation, dry matter yield and N accumulation except the higher application rate which resulted in slight decrease in nodulation. Generally, no marked retardation of nodulation or N2 fixation was noted as a consequence to the conditioner application. The bacterial genera contributing to the biodegradation of bitumen and ureaformaldehyde in the sandy soil are Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Streptomyces. Bacillus was the most dominant genus for both soil conditioners

Yield responses of Faba bean [Vicia faba] to Rhizobial inoculation micronutrients application and wheat straw amendment to a virgin sandy soil

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted on a virgin sandy soil [5 kg/pot] collected from the desert near the Pyramids at Giza. Faba bean, one of the common legume crops in Egypt, was inoculated with the specific Rhizobium species in conjunction with the application of micronutrients [Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn]. Wheat straw [3%] was also added to the soil. The interaction between these factors resulted in large increases of the fresh weight and n content of the nodules, dry weight and N content of the whole plant in addition the micronutrients content of the pods was increased which enhanced the nutritional value of the seeds

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by two lentil cultivars in relation to rhizobium strain, competition and irrigation rates

Two Rhizobium Leguminosarum strains TAL 638 and Nitragin 92 A3 were studied in their relation to fix atmospheric nitrogen with two lentil cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a Delta Nile clay loam soil using two rates of irrigation. regardless the irrigation. regimes, the inoculation of lentil with these strains either singly or in combination induced significant increase in plant dry weight. nitrogen fixation grad seed yield. Giza 370 cultivar in symbioses with any of the strains was superior in nitrogen accumulation and seed yield than Giza 9 cultivar. However. the strain X varicty interaction was not significant. The nitrogen fixation and thee yield of both lentil cultivars were significantly affected by water regime. The frequent irrigation resulted in higher plant dry weight. N accumulation and seed yield with both cultivar The inoculum strain outcompeted the resident rhizobia. Between 72-92% of nodules were occupied by the strains used as single inoculum. In double, strain inocula, R. leguminosarum strains, TAL 638 and Nit. 92 A3 were equailly, competitive on both cultivars under the two irrigation regimes. The incidence of double strain occupancy within the nodules collected from the double strain inocula ranged between 0 to 38%

Field evaluation of biogas manure as a fertilizer for corn

A field experiment on corn [Zea mays L.] was conducted in silty clay soil to evaluate the effect of biogas manure on corn yield and nutrients uptake [N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu] in comparison with farmyard manure as well as regular NPK fertilizer. The application of biogas manure at rate of 20 ton/acre significantly increased seed yield and N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu uptake than did the 20 t farmyard manure or 10 t biogas manure. The fertilization with 20 t biogas manure/acre also significantly increased P, K, Fe and Mn uptake as compared with their uptake from the regular NPK treatment. No significant difference in seed yield was recorded between the NPK treatment and the 20 t biogas manure. The supplementation of 20 t biogas manure treatment with 45 kg N/acre significantly increased nutrients uptake and seed yield over the treatment with 20 t biogas manure alone

Field assessment of plant density effect on biological nitrogen fixation by faba beans [vicia faba]

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of increasing plant density on symbiotic nitrogen fixation by the faba bean /Rhizobium leguminosarum system. Increasing plant density increased the dry matter content of plants. The well nodulated plants had a greater N-uptake, than those plants fertilized with nitrogen. Plant densities up to 160,000 plants/feddan increased pod and seed yields. The results also showed that biological N2-fixation by faba beans was sufficient to supply all the N needed for the plants. However, the limiting factor for yield response, with increasing plant density, is likely to be due to a reduced photosynthetic capacity of the plant population within the limited area