ABSTRACT
Background: maneuver is the most useful strategy to decrease the toll and mortality in a disaster and also to raise the people's awareness in the society. Performing maneuver in schools is so important hence we have a young population in the country. Red Crescent society, maneuver founder, aims to evaluate participants' views and suggestions with the purpose of better planning and performing in future
Methods: in this research, there were selected about 1500 ones by using of both nonprobability sampling and questionnaire for data collection
Findings: according to the findings, about 60% of students were satisfied with the function of relief workers of Red Crescent and Fire Department; about 50% were fully satisfied with the provided programs; about 50% of participants declared that they never used of the relief trainings in previous maneuvers
Conclusion: the students were satisfied with the maneuver players function and programs. However, in order to better implementation there should be more emphasis on functional programs and safety training points
ABSTRACT
During the last decade, increased rates of drug traffic have led the smugglers to use various methods. One of these methods of illicit drug smuggling is body packing. Smuggling by intra-abdominal concealment is called [body packing]. In this research, mortality rate was investigated due to body packing in Tehran. A descriptive study [case series] was designed on all corpses referred to the Forensic Medicine Organization of Tehran between April 1999-December 2000. Demographic data such as sex, age, marital status, addiction, job, education level, type of opioid and the weight, number of packets, and results of blood and urine morphine tests by thin-layer chromatographic method were investigated. Continental system of law is used in Iran and 0.06% of the referred corpses to Forensic Medicine Organization of Tehran were body packers. There were 12 cases, all of them were men. The mean age of body packers was 43 years [range 20-62]. The minimum weight of the packets was 20g and the maximum weight was 1400 g [mean = 501 g]. The minimum weight of the packets was one and the maximum number of the packets was 48. Twenty five percent of the corps were putrefied and one corpse was mummified. None of the body packers had academic education nor were employed. Nine of them lived in cities. Twenty five percent of them were intravenous addicts. The corpses were found mostly in terminals [17%], roads [58%], and cities [25%]. Hospital physicians may neglect this type of gastrointestinal foreign body if they are not aware of the body packer syndrome. Body packing should be suspected in anyone with signs of drug-induced toxic effects after a recent arrival on city terminals or when there is no history if recreational drug use
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , CadaverABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the prevalence of Renal Colic [RC] in Ramadan [the month of fasting for Moslems] with other months of the lunar year
Material and Methods: Records of 574 subjects, who were admitted in the two medical centers of Varamin [a city in a hot region of Iran], were reviewed in order to estimate the time trend of RC
Results: This study included 398 males [69.3%] and 176 females [30.7%]. Twenty-seven males [62.8%] and 16 females [37.2%] were admitted in Ramadan; and 371 males [69.9%] and 160 females [30.1%] in other months [p<0.4] of the year. RCs were more common in June [68 patients, 11.8%], July [65 patients, 11.3%] and November [60 patients, 10.5%]. Forty-three subjects [7.5%] admitted in Ramadan; the frequency was not significantly different from mean admission of the year [48.3 +/- 17 patients]. There was also no significant difference between frequency of admissions in Ramadan and mean admission during cold half of the year [36.8 +/- 18.34 patients, p = 0.3]. Mean admission [64.4 +/- 3.3 patients] in warm seasons were significantly higher than Ramadan [p < 0.001]
Conclusion: Lack of difference in the two groups indicates that higher temperature rather than fasting as a cause for RCs
ABSTRACT
Paragigantocellularis lateralis nucleus [LPGi] involves several functions such as cardiovascular regulation, sexual behavior, withdrawal syndrome and pain. Ln addition, the role of a2 adrenergic in analgesia has been reported as well. We studied the role of a2 adrenergic receptor in LPGi on acute pain. After surgical process LPGi was lesioned bilaterally by using electrical DC current [1mA, 6 second], at stereotaxic coordinates of [AP=11.8, Lat.+/-l.86 and Depth=10.5]. Pain perception was tested using a standard hot plate. No significant difference was found between the control group and the sham group. There is a significant difference between the sham group and lesion+saline group [P<0.0002]. There are significant differences between the lesion+saline group and lesion+0.02 mg/km clonidine [P<0.001] as well as lesion+saline group and lesion+0.2 mg/km clonidine [P<0.001]. We conclude that a2 adrenergic receptors of LPGi nucleus not only have a major role in the clonidine induced analgesia but also may be affecting other parts of CNS to induce analgesia in rat
ABSTRACT
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Snellen letter acuity, as determined in a clinical situation, and Landolt ring acuity, as determined in a standard situation
Methods and Materials: In order to investigate the relationship between the clinical assessment of visual acuity and the experimental one, 52 subjects, artificially blurred, had their acuities measured on a British Standard [BS] Snellen test chart and a Landolt ring test, which employed an 8 out of 10-pass criterion
Results: A high correlation coefficient of 0.92 was found between the two tests
Conclusion: It is suggested that, while the prediction of Snellen test chart acuities from Landolt ring acuities is acceptable, there is the possibility that an underestimation of Snellen acuity may be made in the high acuity region