ABSTRACT
Delivery pain is one of the most severe pain that women experience in their life. Recently drug intervention s are more effectiveness than non drug intervention for reduction labor pain but those are more expensive and harmful. Aromatherapy with lavandula is one of the non-pharmacological methods for pain relief. This study objective is the effect of massage aromatherapy with Lavender oil on pain intensity of active phase of labor in nulliparous women. This research had been a single blind randomized clinical trial on, term pregnant women who admitted to mahdieh hospital in tehran city in 2007 - 2008 that referred to vaginal delivery. Ninety women divided into three groups. First group took only massage. Second group took massage with Almond oil, and third group took massage aromatherapy with Lavender oil. Each group received back effleurage massage for 20 minutes. Their pain severity evaluated before and after intervention with VAS scale. Then data were analyzed by in paired t, chi square, Anova and post hoc test. Massage aromatherapy with Lavandula has decreased pain intensity of active phase of labor before and after intervention significantly [p= 0.0001], whiles mean labor pain intensity has decreased before intervention from 6.56 +/- 1.63 to 4.78 +/- 1.50 after intervention. Also aromatherapy has decreased pain intensity of active phase of labor after intervention [P= 0.001] and has caused patient satisfaction from delivery [P=0.014]. With regard to efficacious massage, particular massage with Lavender oil and parturient satisfaction of massage aromatherapy then it can be use in relief delivery pain and patients satisfaction until not only create good memory of delivery but also prevention from elective section due to fray of vaginal delivery and medical high expenses
ABSTRACT
Gutta-percha is shown to be the most widely used root canal filing material due to its well-known low toxicity potential. A new kind of gutta-percha with nanosilver coating has synthesized by Iranian researchers and claimed to have antibacterial an antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to compare the cyotoxicity of nanosilver coated gutta-percha, GuttaFlow [GF], with normal gutta-percha [GP] on mouse fibroblast cell line L929. In this in vitro study, cytotoxicity was evaluated by fibroblast cell culture and its direct contact with the test materials. 30 specimens inserted in test tubes and cell survival fraction was estimated by MTT test after Ihour, 24 hour, and 1 week. Two way ANOVA, one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were used for statistical analysis. After 1 hour, cytotoxicity among three 3 test materials was significantly different. Nanosilver coated gutta-percha had the highest cytotoxicity and GuttaFlow the lowest one [P<0.01]. After 24 hour, no significant differences were observed [P=0.37]. After 1 week, GuttaFlow showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than normal gutta-percha and nanosilver gutta-percha [P<0.001]. However, this difference was not significant between nanosilver and normal gutta-percha [P>0.05]. In nanosilver gutta-percha group, the most cytotoxicity was observed after 1 hour while it was decreased with time and became equal to normal gutta-percha after 24 hours and after 1 week, it reached the lowest level among 3 test materials