Prevalence and pathological findings of cholelithiasis in goats

Gallstones are concretions that form in the biliary system. There are two major types of gallstones [pigment and cholesterol], which seem to form due to distinctly different pathogenic mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and chemical composition of gallstones in goats. Bacteriologic analysis and pathological findings were reviewed. The study was carried out on 411 goats at Juneghan abattoir in Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari province of Iran. Gallstones were found in the gallbladder of 5 goats [1.2%]. Biliary calculi were more frequent in adult goats [p<0.05]. No significant difference was seen between male and female goats with gallstones. Chemical analysis of the gallstones revealed 4 goats with pigment [bilirubin] stones and 1 goat with cholesterol stones. Chemical composition of bile in these goats was evaluated. Bacteriologic analysis of the bile in the affected goats revealed bacteria [Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.] in 3 goats. Microscopic examination of gallbladders revealed cystic glands, necrosis and atrophy of mucosal layer, edema, focal and diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes in submucosal layer, and hypertrophy of smooth muscles in goats with gallstones. It was concluded that the prevalence of both types of gallstones in goats are low. Cholelithiasis can cause chronic inflammation of the gallbladder but it is not likely to become clinically significant

prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. on bovine carcasses in Isfahan, Iran

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. on slaughtered cattle in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 203 cattle carcasses were sampled by surface section of neck meat taken immediately after slaughter and analyzed using microbiological examinations. Suspected colonies to E. coli O157:H7 were confirmed by a specific polymerase chain reaction method [PCR]. The results showed that the contamination rate of samples to E. coli and E. coil O157:H7 were 42.4 and 6.4%, respectively. Seasonal distribution showed that the highest prevalence of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 occurred in summer samples. Six carcasses carried L. monocytogenes whereas Campylobacter spp. were not detected on any carcasses. The results indicated that prevalence of E. coil and E. coli O157:H7 was high on bovine carcasses in lsfahan. This condition should be considered as a probable hazard for human health

Detection of bovine Leukemia virus antigens expressed in lymph node tumors that induce humoral immunity in cow

Detection of bovine leukemia virus antigens can induces humoral immunity in cow were evaluated. Fifteen lymph node from infected cows that had positive results in AGID and ELISAtests for BLVand have clinical signs of lymphosarcoma, in addition five lymph node from apparently healthy cows that had negative results in serological tests. After preparation of extract of lymph nodes, all of the samples electerophoresed in SDS-PAGE system in discontinuous 5 and 10% gel. All gels transferred to nitrocellulose membrane in Biorad blotting system. Antigens were detected by BLVpositive antisera by using HRPO conjugated protein G and Tetramethyl benzidine as substrate. At least 25 proteinal band were detected in SDS-PAGE of tumoral and normal lymph node. In tumural tissues two additional band 24 and 51 kda were detected. In western blotting of those samples, gp51 antigen were detected in all tumoral lymph nodes, p24 antigen were detected in 5 samples from 15 samples and in non of apparently healthy samples non of those two antigens did not detect in WB test. These results were shown that gp51 were expressed in high level in tumors and induced a strong humoral immune response but p24 is a weak and non-common antigen in lymphatic tumors. Gp51 is most important and first antigen in all of the cases that infected by BLV

[Study on electrophoretic proteinal pattern of lymph nodes of cows with bovine leucosis and comparison with apparently healty cows]

Determination of protein pattern of lymph nodes of 25 cows that had clinical bovine leucosis and comparison with apparently healthy cows. A totalof 25 samples of BLV infected lymph nodes from slaughtered cows that were positive in ELISA and AGID serological tests and had clinical singes of leucosis along with five apparently healthy lymph nodes from cows that were negative in ELISA and AGID for BLV. These tissues were obtained during Jun.2001 to Oct.2002 in Iran. Following protein extraction and purification of the samples electrophoresis by SDS-PAGE method were done on the samples. Protein bands stained by commassie brilliant blue. The results of SDS-PAGE test of samples, were shown that all of the tissues posses 25 different protein bands that related to normal lymph node in addition two 51, 24 kd bands in protein patterns of affected cows. Those two proteins are the most important viral proteins of the BLV and detecting of these proteins can use in diagnosis of the disease