[ effect of nutrition training on food diet adherence in non-dialysis chronic kidney patients]

Introduction: Change in one's life when there is chronic kidney disease need support to change behavior. Non-compliance with treatment regimens in chronic kidney disease is common, and it is more rapid disease progression and mortality in this disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of nutrition education on dietary adherence in non-dialysis CKD is done

Method: It was a quasi-experimental before-after nonequivalent comparative group study. Eighty non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients with Glomerular Filtration Rate of 15-60 ml/min/1.73 m[2] were recruited and assigned by randomly sampling either to comparison or experimental groups [n=40]. The experimental group received food diet training package and the control group received only usual care. Before and after 12 weeks, patients were evaluated by a questionnaire made by the researcher. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics [t-test and chi square] and repeated measure method using SPSS-PC [v.16]

Results: After 12 weeks, the mean of the experimental group [54.45] than the mean in comparison group [43.40] showed a greater increase. After intervention independent t-test and repeated measure method showed significant differences between the intervention and comparison groups [p= 0.001]

Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease awareness such practices in the educational use of diet is effective in improving adherence. So the nurse as a member of the medical team plays an important role in promoting awareness of the patients

[ relationship of medication errors among nurses with some organizational and demographic characteristics]

Medical Errors [Iatrogenesis] constitute one of the major challenges for health systems in every country. The most common kinds of these errors are the medication errors of nurses which have negative impacts on patients, nurses as well as organizations and result in poor quality of healthcare. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of nurses' medication errors with some organizational and demographic characteristics. This is a descriptive-analytic study conducted on 286 nurses working in internal, surgery, orthopedics, and gynecology and obstetrics wards of selected hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences using the stratified multistage sampling method in 2009. The data were collected using questionnaire designed by the researcher and was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis and independent T test. The software program was SPSS14. The average number of medication errors as in three months per nurse was 19.5 cases. Among personal and organizational characteristics, gender [P<0.000] and attending classes instructing medication administration [P<0.03] were significantly related to medication error. [Administering multiple oral drugs simultaneously] was the most frequent medication error in this study. The fact that the frequency of medication error in this study was altogether higher than studies conducted in other countries highlights the necessity for further attention on the part of nursing managers and authorities. Healthcare providers must identify the causative factors and apply strategies to reduce these errors

New approaches in bio-artificial liver components: bioreactor, matrix and cell source

Some of liver diseases and failures can cause death. Currently liver transplantation is the only treatment for these patients. Bioartificial liver [BAL] system is an attractive maintenance modalily for the treatment of hepatic patients complications. Extensive studies have been performed for increasing BAL efficacy. This article will review the recent progress in developing three major components of BAL systems: Bioreactor, matrix, and cell source

[Evaluation of DNA-content of peritoneal lavage cells by flow cytometry in patients with gasteric cancer]

Gastric cancer is the second common cancer in Iran and it has unfortunately no diagnostic signs in early stages. Considering the role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of gastric cancer, this study aimed at evaluating DNA-content of stomach cells in patients with gastric cancer in order to find a reliable index for prediction of disease prognosis and providing more exact therapeutic procedure. A total of 22 samples taken from patients with gastric cancer were evaluated. Peritoneal lavage cells were centrifuged and stained with DNA-staining kit. Then DNA-content was analyzed and compared with that in normal cells by employing flow cytometry and using modfit software. In whole, 12 out of 22 samples were positive and DNA aneuploidy was present in 33.3%. SPF increase was observed in 22.2% of positive cases. SPF can be used as a reliable indicator in pathological staging of cancer and consequently in decision making for treatment

[Self-efficacy in hemodialysis patients and its related factors]

End-stage-renal-disease [ESRD] patients treated by hemodialysis require major lifestyle changes and self-efficacy in the treatment regimen to comply with their chronic illness. Clients' perception of being self-efficient results in increased self-care activities and adherence to medical regimen. Although client's self-efficiency can affect on outcomes of the disease, few study is available in this regard. This descriptive correlational study was carried out to identify self-efficacy of hemodialysis patients and its related factors. 200 patients referring to health care setting affiliated with Iran Medical University were selected by convenience sampling method. A tool, Guidelines for Health Promotion, was used to assess self-efficacy in the treatment regimen. The tool was made reliable by test-retest method. Findings showed that self-efficacy was correlated with educational level, dialysis duration and weight difference between 2 dialysis sessions. In contrast, no correlation was found between self-efficacy and age as well as sex. The study showed a significant relationship between self-efficacy and some personal characteristics of patients. Thus, it is necessary for nurses to assess self-efficacy of their patients. In addition, nurses are in a key position to influence on self-efficacy of their patients and improve self-care activities of them. To achieve these, they can provide necessary instructions for their clients to control stress and emotional as well as physical stimulations

[Investigating relationship between satisfaction with life and social support with mental health among freshman students of Tehran university]

The purpose of this study was investigating the relationship between satisfaction with life and social support with mental health among freshman students of Tehran university. Subjects were all statistical universe, 3261 students [1248 male and 2012 female] completed the following relevant scale: demographic questionnaire, general mental health questionnaire, satisfaction with life and social support scale administered to assess satisfaction with life, social support and mental health. The results showed that satisfaction with life and social support was significantly predicted mental health and also marriage significantly correlated with higher mental health, more satisfaction with life and more social support feeling. Generally, based on some variables such as indicators of satisfaction with life, social support and many demographic features, we can identify vulnerable and at-risk students