[ effect of removable orthodontic appliances on prevalence of oral Candida albicans in children]

Removable orthodontic appliances could increase the prevalence of Candida albicans and stomatitis in mouth of treated patients. To examine the effect of good oral hygiene on prevention of Candida albicans increase in children under treatment with removable arthodontic appliances. In this cross-sectional study, 30 children aged between 8-12 years old who were treated with removable orthodontic appliances and 30 healthy children in the same age range as control group were selected. One month after giving instructions on oral hygiene, samples were taken from patients' oral mucosa. The specimens were assessed by colony formation and germ tube test. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test with 95% confidence to compare the study groups. There were significant differences between the two groups regarding the redness, soreness, and inflammation which were more frequent in orthodontic patients [p=0.03]. Colony formation was significantly higher in orthodontic patients than control group [P<0.001]. In addition, germ tube was more obvious in samples of orthodontic patients than control group [P=0.045]. Despite the practice of good oral hygiene, application of removable orthodontic appliances leads to an increase in prevalence of Candida albicans

investigation on facial and cranial anthropometric measurements among 20-35 year old individuals in the city of Mashhad

Anthropology is the science of body sizes evaluation in living people. The science could be useful in diagnosis of diseases especially syndromes. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the mean value of 20 craniofacial anthropometric parameters among 20-35 year old individuals of both sexes in the city of Mashhad. This cross sectional analytical study was carried out among 160 skeletal class I adults with normal face height, including 80 men and 80 women between 20 and 35 years of age. Twenty anthropometric parameters of the craniofacial complex [16 facial and 4 cranial] were measured on each subject by use of digital sliding catiper and soft measuring tape. Finally, the mean value of these parameters were determined according to sex, Furthermore, the mean anthropometric measurements of Iranians was compared with Canadians. Student-t test was used for comparing the measured values. In this study, all measurements in men were significantly greater than women [P<0.05]. On the other hand, anthropometric measurements in Iranians and Canadians were significantly different, except for n'-gn' and zy'-zy' in men and t-gn'-t and ft'-ft' in women. This study showed that all of the anthropometric measurements in women are smaller than men in the city of Mashhad. Furthermore it was revealed that in Mashhad young adults, soft tissue glabella and subnasal in relation to tragion were more retruded than Canadians, also the width and height of face in females in Mashhad were significantly greater than Canadian young women

[An investigation on cranial and facial anthropometric parameters in parents of children with cleft lip and palate]

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in the head and neck area. Disturbance in primary sutures fusion can cause this problem in different parts of head and neck. So our goal to fulfill this research is to find some special facial anthropometric indices in parents that may have correlation with cleft lip and palate in children in order to separate families with genetic aptitude for cleft lip and palate. In this case - control study 57 couples of healthy parents with a child with unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate were chosen in the epithet of case group and 57 couples of healthy parents with at least two healthy child, without a child with cleft were introduced as control group. 16 craniofacial anthropometric indices were measured by a digital caliper with 0.01 mm accuracy and a soft measuring tape and the findings were compared in two group by using t- test and mann-withney test. This research indicates that head width, minimal frontal width, head length and face width in fathers with a child with cleft are significantly less than the fathers in control group and face height, ear width and maxillary arch length are significantly more than fathers in control group. It also illustrates that minimal frontal width and facial width in mothers have a child with cleft are significantly less than the mothers in control group and face height, ear width, inner canthal width, outer canthal width, maxillary and mandibular arch length and head circumference are significantly more than the mothers in control group. We can conclude with attention to this research that craniofacial complex is under the heavy control of genetic factors thus the future investigations on the controlling genes concerning this index seem to be necessary