Alveolar echinococcosis infection in a monkey [ateles geoffroyi] in Mashhad, Iran

Alveolar echinococcosis [AE], which is caused by ingestion of eggs of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is the most potentially lethal parasitic infection because of its tendency to invade and proliferate in the liver and the difficulty in treatment. This article describes a case of alveolar echinococcosis found in Ateles geoffroyi in Mashhad, Iran. The cysts were characterized as an alveolar structure, composed of numerous small vesicles in liver, abdominal cavity, retroperitoneum and lungs. A characteristic feature of these vesicles was its exogenous tumor-like proliferation. These cysts were filled with numerous protoscoleces suggesting a potential role of this monkey in cycle of transmission. Up to now, this is probably the first report of alveolar echinococcosis in A. geoffroyi in the world

[ moderating role of self-efficacy in relationship between occupational stress with psychological health and job satisfaction of Saderat bank's staffs of Tabriz]

Stress does not always directly result from the source of pressure itself, but rather from the perception of that pressure. Therefore, individual variables that might relate to perception of stress should be investigated in job stress researches. The present study investigates moderating role of self-efficacy in relationship between occupational stress with psychological health and job satisfaction of Tabriz Saderat Bank's staffs. In This correlation research, 242 Saderat Bank's Staffs were selected in the form of multiphase cluster sampling and administered by inventories of Demographic, General Health-28, Osipow's Occupational Stress, Spector's Job Satisfaction and Scheerer's and et al. Self- Efficacy. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and simultaneous and hierarchical multiple regressions. The Findings indicate that job stress is negative predictor of psychological health and job satisfaction. Also, the relationship between job stress with psychological health and job satisfaction in influenced by self-efficacy. Therefore, self-efficacy as an individual factor have protective role in contrast with job stress. According to study's findings, self-efficacy affects the relationship between job stress with psychological health and job satisfaction. The findings of this research can be helpful in devising preventive policies, determining high risk patients and designing of psychological interventions

survey of tuberculosis patients in Yazd and Shiraz

Although many activities have been done to control tuberculosis in Iran but unfortunately, tuberculosis is an important public health problem in Iran like many other developing countries. In this study, tuberculosis patients who had, for their diseases, file to be recorded were evaluated in Yazd and Shiraz at the same time. This cross-sectional study was case series conducted in Yazd and Shiraz at the same time, and all the pulmonary tuberculosis patients who had file to be recorded entered into the study. We used questionnaire which recorded the patient's age,sex, occupation, nationality, smear and culture results, ESR and TB location. Totally, 136 pulmonary tuberculosis case records [32 in Yazd, 104 in Shiraz] were evaluated. Most of the patients were 51-75 years old in Yazd and 26-50 years old in Shiraz [P-value = 0.00]. Of the patients, 52.9% in Yazd were female and 63.7% in Shiraz were male [P-value =0.02]. Positive smear rate in Yazd was 68.7% and in Shiraz 69.2%. Twenty three and half percent of tuberculosis patients in Yazd and 40.8% in Shiraz were Afghan and others were Iranian [P-value =0.01]. About ESR, there was no significant difference in both sexes. Finally in both cities, 59.5% of patients had pulmonary tuberculosis and 40.8% extra pulmonary tuberculosis. The most common location of extra pulmonary tuberculosis was respectively lymph node, bone, and pleura. The rate of positive and negative smear of pulmonary tuberculosis is near the expectancy of WHO [70%], but extra pulmonary tuberculosis was more than expectancy so we suggest that diagnosis indices of extra pulmonary tuberculosis should be more considered

[Evaluation of inactivation of intracanal antiseptics by dentin, demineralized dentin, dentin matrix and mineral component of dentin]

Many studies have shown that microorganisms are the main cause of pulpal diseases and the main purpose of root canal therapy is their elimination from the root canal system. Antiseptic agents are used to reduce bacteria but their antibacterial activities differ from in vivo to in vitro studies and might be inactivated by dentin and its components in root canal space. This study was designed to investigate the effect of dentin on antibacterial activity of different antimicrobial agents. In this experimental study, two antibacterial agents [sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine] with different concentrations were used in four experimental groups: Group 1: dentin, Group 2: demineralized dentin with EDTA, Group 3: dentin matrix and Group 4: dentin mineral component. The species used in this study was Entrococcus faecalis. Different concentration of agents were added to mixture of each experimental group and bacteria. At the baseline and after one and 24 hours, samples were collected and cultured. After incubation period, colonies were counted. Data were analyzed by Tukey test with p<0.05 as the limit of significance. 2% and 0.2% chlorhexidine, and 5% sodium hypochlorite solutions at the three studied times eliminated Entrococcus faecalis completely. 1% sodium hypochlorite eliminated all bacteria in 1h and 24 hs. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between experimental and control groups [P<0.05]. Sodium 1% hypochlorite at time 0, could reduce bacteria significantly [P<0.05] but didn't eliminate them completely. Inactivation of intracanal antiseptics was not observed in this study. As elimination of bacteria occurred, application of these antibacterial agents are recommended in endodontic treatment. Further investigations on other antibacterial agents, other concentrations and shorter time intervals are recommended

histologic evaluation on tissue reaction to three implanted materials [MTA, root MTA and Portland cement Type I] in the mandible of cats

Statement of Problem: Nowadays Mineral Trioxide aggregate [MTA] is widely used for root end fillings, pulp capping, perforation repair and other endodontic treatments. Investigations have shown similar physical and chemical properties for Portland cement and Root MTA with those described for MTA

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the tissue reaction to implanted MTA, Portland cement and Root MTA in the mandible of cats

Materials and Methods: Under asepsis condition and general anesthesia, a mucoperiosteal flap, following the application of local anesthesia, was elevated to expose mandibular symphysis. Two small holes in both sides of mandible were drilled. MTA, Portland cement and Root MTA were mixed according to the manufacturers, recommendation and placed in bony cavities. In positive control group, the test material was Zinc oxide powder plus tricresoformalin. In negative control group, the bony cavities were left untreated. After 3, 6 and 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the mandibular sections were prepared for histologic examination under light microscope. The presence and thickness of inflammation, presence of fibrosis capsule, the severity of fibrosis and bone formation were investigated. The data were submitted to Exact Fisher test, chi square test and Kruskal Wallis test for statistical analysis

Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the degree of inflammation, presence of fibrotic capsule, severity of fibrosis and inflammation thickness between Root MTA, Portland cement and MTA [P>0.05]. There was no statistical difference in bone formation between MTA and Portland cement [P>0.05]. However, bone formation was not found in any of the Root MTA specimens and the observed tissue was exclusively of fibrosis type

Conclusion: The physical and histological results observed with MTA are similar to those of Root MTA and Portland cement. Additionally, all of these three materials are biocompatible. However, in order to replace Root MTA and Portland cement type I as less expensive and suitable substitutes for MTA, more longer- term studies with larger number of samples are suggested