effect of electroanalgsia on pain relief in patient with diabetic neuropathy type II

One of the manifestations of diabetes mellitus is pain, induced by poly neuropathy. Pain relief is obtained using different methods of symptomatic treatments, one of which is electroanalgsia, the use of which is a controversial issue among scientists and researchers. The aim of this research is to determine the efficacy and types of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation [TENS] on pain relief in painful diabetic poly neuropathy. The design of study was a double blind randomized controlled trial. Forty one subjects with diabetic mellitus Type II, complaining of pain were selected, and assigned into three groups treated during two phases. Two kinds of Electrical Nerve Stimulation i.e. TENS and Diadynamic were given to two groups, and for the third we used sham stimulation. The outcome measure of the study was quality of pain [0-5] and visual analog scale [V.A.S.]. Data collection and analysis was done by SPSS software. Mean score of pain decreased in all groups after treatment, but no significant differences were seen between groups. Although, using TENS and diadynamic are beneficial in some patients conditions, no significant differences in the effects of either TENS or the diadynamic current, or the placebo on pain in diabetic patients were observed

Albuminuria and its risk factors in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

The earliest sign of renal involvement is an elevated rate of urinary albumin excretion. One of the strongest predictors of microalbuminuria is the duration of diabetes. However, population-based studies reported albuminuria in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients at diagnosis. In this cross-sectional study,235 [32. 3% male and 67.7% female] newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, from the Isfahan endocrine and metabolism research center were enrolled. The patients were evaluated for age, height, weight, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, serum lipid and lipoprotein, triglyceride and albuminuria. Urinary albumin excretion was determined from timed 24-h. Albuminuria were defined as urinary albumin excretion above > 30 mg/24 h. Mean age was 49.2 +/- 9.2 year and BMI 28/8 +/- 4/9 Kg/m2. The prevalence of albuminuria was 16.6% and more prevalent in males than females. [27.6% being more 11.6% respectively]. In albuminuric patients mean of age, BMI, diastolic and systolic blood pressure were higher than in the normoalbuminric individuals, whereas no differences were seen in cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid profiles or smoking between the groups. In a logistic regression analysis, male sex, hypertension and retinopathy, are independent risk factors for albuminuria. These data suggest that an appreciable percentage of individuals have abnormal albumin excretion within the first year after the onset of type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest that urinary tests for albuminuia at diagnosis and control of risk factors in Type 2 diabetic patients can decrease progression of diabetic neohropathy

[Quality of control and treatment of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes patient with hypertension]

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and microvascular complications. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of blood pressure in treatment in reducing the complications of diabetes. The aim of this study is to assess the quality of blood pressure control in type 2 diabetic patient with hypertension. We studied data from 602 type 2 diabetic patients who had had at least four regular clinic visits every year for medical care in the outpatient clinics of the Isfahan Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre duting the period 1999-2004 years. Blood pressure was measured of a systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure of >/= 130 and/or >/= 80 mmHg by standardized protocols, and hypertension was defined as at least two consecutive measurements within 2 months and/or taking anti-hypertensive medication. At initial registration the mean age of participants was 57.4 +/- 9.3 years, with a mean duration of diabetes of 9.4 +/- 4.7 years. Of the patients, 338 [56.2%] who more than four visits per year, had high blood pressure and 13.9 percent of these had a blood pressure >/= 130/80 mmHg at initial registration. Among the 5 years of follow up, hypertensive patients increased to 452 [75%], of whom 24.5% had controlled blood pressure. The mean values of age, BMI, HbA1c, urine albumin and prevalence of retinopathy in controlled hypertensive patients were significantly lower in the uncontrolled. Our findings showed that many type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension have inadequately controlled blood pressure. Effective intervention efforts are needed to improve blood pressure control in these patients

[Cardiovascular risk Factors in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes]

Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for coronary heart disease and have a worse prognosis than patients who do not have diabetes. The high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in those patients are related to risk factors. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. In this Cross- sectional study, conducted between 2001-2003, 710 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, referring to the Isfahan endocrine and metabolism research center, were studied. Patients were evaluated for age, height, weight, smoking, hypertension, Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, urea, creatinin, plasma lipid and lipoproteins and albuminuria. Mean age was 48.8 +/- 9.8 years at presentation, and BMI 28.6 +/- 4.5 kg/m[2]. Prevalence's of obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were 34.6%, 28.6%, 77.2% and 71.6% respectively. 78.6%of patients had high LDL-C [higher than100mg/dl], and 52.9% low HDL-C [lower than40 mg/dl]. 74.2%of patients had more than two cardiovascular risk factors [64.3% of men and 80.9% of women] and 48.1% over three [32.8% of men and 58.5% of women]. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is common in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, demonstrating the importance of early interventions for proper diagnosis and treatment of these factors in such patients