[Survey educational needs of 11-14 years old girls about sexual health]

Introduction: Teenagers [especially girls] who are going through puberty are among vulnerable populations whose sexual needs receive little attention

Objective: This study aimed to determine educational needs of 11-14 year old girls on sexual health in Dezful

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 810 middle school girls aging 11 to 14 in Dezful city in 2012. Samples were selected by cluster sampling method. Data collection instrument was a researcher made questionnaire including 14 questions on demographic data and 46 questions on 4 domains of puberty, menstruation, sex relationship and reproduction using articles and resource reviews.Descriptive statistics and Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis test were used for quantitative and qualitative data analysis

Results: The knowledge of girls on puberty, menstruation and reproductive was weak. Need to get information on puberty health [underwear wash with soap, shaving] and menstruation [age of menarche, menstruation blood source, dysmenorrhea] was 95/7% and 97/5% respectively. The most important source of information on puberty [51/1], menstruation [54/2%] mother, sexual activity [42/5%] friends and reproduction [32/1%] was sister. There was a significant correlation between mother's education level and need to obtain information on puberty, menstruation and reproduction using Chi-square test [P<0/05]

Conclusion: In attention to the need for samples to receive information on sexual health and the role of mothers as the most important source of information to girls, people based training approaches [family education through health volunteers] is the best solution

Prognostic factors of concomitant hyperglycemia and hypocalcemia in pediatric intensive care units

Hyperglycemia and hypocalcemia have separately been attributed to adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effects of the two conditions on mortality and morbidity in a pediatric intensive care unit. All children aged 1 month to 18 years, admitted for at least 24 hours to medical pediatric intensive care unit [PICU], Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran were reviewed over one year period. Those with a history of diabetes mellitus and any calcium disorders were excluded. Data on blood glucose and calcium during the first 6 hours of admission, in-PICU length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, vassopressor drugs administration, and mortality were assessed. The incidence of hyperglycemia [>/= 150 mg/dl [8.3mmol/L]] and hypocalcemia [serum calcium<8.5 mg/dl [2.12mmol/L]] were 26.5% and 43.9%, respectively. Hyperglycemia and hypocalcemia were associated with increased mortality. Among the survivors, hyperglycemia and hypocalcemia had no significant effect on PICU length of stay. The interaction of hyperglycemia and hypocalcemia did not intensify their separate effects on mortality, the need for mechanical ventilation and vasopressor infusion. Although hyperglycemia and hypocalcemia separately increase the mortality rate, their simultaneous presence is not associated with poorer outcomes in critically ill patients

Preemptive effects of Lidocain on postoperative pain in patients undergoing disc operation: a Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial

Postoperative pain is a major poorly managed problem in millions of operations performed all over the world each year. Since infiltration of the operative field with lidocain as a local anesthetic is very cheap, it is easily available, and there are few side effects, this study aimed to evaluate its efficacy on post-op-pain of patients undergoing open intervertebral disc surgery. In this double blind clinical trial on 188 patients undergoing elective open intervertebral disc operation, the surgical incision site was infiltrated with 2 ml of 1/500,000 epinephrine for each centimeter in the control group and the same solution with 20 mg lidocain for each centimeter of the incision in the case group. Post-oppain was measured with visual analog scale [VAS] in the 6[th], 12[th], 24[th], and 48[th] hours. The mean age was 41.8 +/- 12.4 for the study group, and 43.5 +/- 15.6 for the control one. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in pain severity in females, but for males it was significant at the 6th and 24th hours. Interestingly, it was more severe in those receiving lidocain. The amount of narcotics used postoperatively revealed no significant difference in the groups. Lidocain used locally before skin incision has no effect on reducing post-op-pain, post-op-narcotics demand, and duration of hospital stay

[Sensitometric comparison of E and F dental radiographic films using manual and automatic processing systems]

Processing conditions affect sensitometric properties of X-ray films. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the sensitometric characteristics of InSight [IP], a new F-speed film, in fresh and used processing solutions in dental office condition and compare them with Ektaspeed Plus [EP]. In this experimental in vitro study, an aluminum step wedge was used to construct characteristic curves for InSight and Ektaspeed Plus films [Kodak Eastman, Rochester, USA], All films were processed in Champion solution [X-ray Iran, Tehran, Iran] both manually and automatically in a period of six days. Unexposed films of both types were processed manually and automatically to determine base plus fog density. Speed and film contrast were measured according to ISO definition. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and T tests with P<0.05 as the level of significance. IP was 20 to 22% faster than EP and showed to be an F-speed film when processed in automatic condition and E-F film where processed manually. Also it was F-speed film when processed in automatic condition and E-F film when processed manually. Also it was F-speed in fresh solutions and E-speed in old solution. IP and EP contrasts were similar in automatic processing but EF contrast was higher when processed manually. Both EP and IP films had standard values of base plus fog [<0.35] and B+F densities were decreased in old solution. Based on the results of this study, InSight is a F-speed film with a speed of at least 20% greater than Ektaspeed. In addition, it reduces patient exposure with no damage to image quality

[ epidemiologic study on spinal injuries in Kashan]

Introduction: spinal canal and spinal cord injuries are one of the most common causes of death and disabilities in trauma victims. Since treatment and long term care for these patients causes a major economic burden on the society and there isn't adequate data in this regard in our country

Objective: this study was carried out in Naghavi University Hospital, Kashan, from December 1995 to December 1999 to determine the incidence of these injuries

Materials and Methods: this descriptive study included all admitted trauma victims. Age, sex, cause of trauma, site of fracture, kind of fracture, and neurological status of the patients were recorded. All of patients were studied by x- ray and CT scan. Findings were statistically analyzed

Results: during the study period, 225 cases were included. Age of the patients was 39+/-18 and the age range was from 6 to 82. 177[78.5%] were males and 48 [21.5 %] females [male to female ratio was 3.7 to 1]. The most common age range in terms of injuries was in age group of 20-50[60.4%]. Burst fracture was the most common type of injury and was seen in 102 cases [43 %]. The most common cause of injury was falling down which was seen in 128 cases [56.9 %] In 39 cases [17.3 %], spinal cord injury was seen

Conclusion: incidences of spinal fractures and spinal cord injury are similar to those reported in the literature, but the mechanism of trauma and kind of fracture, falling down and burst fracture respectively, are different from most of references and this needs further etiologic study