Evaluation of producing extended spectrum p-lactamase among isolated escherchia coli from patients suffering from urinary tract infections: [short report]

Despite the widespread availability of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance in uropathogens is increasing. The most common mechanism in the antibiotic resistance is production of extended spectrum B-lactamase [ESBL]. In this study, the presence of producing ESBL among isolated Escherchia Coli from patients suffering from urinary tract infections in Ali-Ebne Abitaleb hospital [Rafsanjan, Iran] as well as their sensitivity to newer antibiotics were evaluated. In this descriptive study, 146 Escherchia Coli were collected from 1634 urine samples of suspected patients with urinary tract infection in a five month tim period. Isolated organisms were identified by standard biochemical and microbial tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method. Isolated E coli that were resistant to third generation cephalosporines were tested for ESBL phenotype by double disc synergy test method. Their susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem and cefepime were also determined. Totally, 19.86% of the isolated E coli showed resistance to third generation cephalosporines and 10.27% of them were ESBL producer. Also, ESBLs E Coli showed co-resistance to other antibiotics. Susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem were 100%, and cefepime 26.66%. ESBL producer isolated Escherchia Coli had resistance to many different antibiotics, but it showed high susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem. So in order to prevent any resistance, we should use these antibiotics correctly

[ study of the magnitude of the research problems before and after the administrative and management interventions from the faculty members and researchers' viewpoint at Qom university of medical sciences, Qom, Iran, during 2004-2008]

The examination of the research attractions in developed counties, and deficiencies and constraints in conducting researches can reveal invaluable implications. The researches carried out in recent decades are indicative of the fact that there have always been major constraints during the research conduction. Those countries which aspire to compete in the world should remove all the constraints and barriers, and attract the necessary attention on researches. Thus, the current study was intended to find the problems and limitations, and offer the needed interventions so as to overcome those problems. This study was a quasi-experimental [pre and post] one. The participants of the study included those faculty members and researchers who had conducted at least a project as an administrator or a major contributor before and after intervention. In order to gather data, a self-designed questionnaire was filled in two phases; before and after the interventions. The questionnaire included demographics and information about research problems in the four areas of Research Project Preparation [RPP], Research Project Conduct [RPC], Administrative-Management and Personal Problems. Descriptive statistics and various statistical procedures tests were utilized to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the mean of the magnitude of the research problems in RPP, RPC, administrative management and personal problems was a significant difference [P<0.001] before and after intervention. In RPP, lack of beneficial database bank in university, in RPC lack of budget, in Administrative-Management lack of knowledge accountant about corresponding activity and in Personal Problems lack of enough motivation for research were all having the highest intensity. Thus, after intervention the magnitude of the problem was reduced. In conclusion, it seems that bureaucratic rules, shortage of research budget, heavy work load, lack of motivation, and personal skills are the reasons which hinder doing research activities. But the findings of this current study reveal that through reforming the administrative-management procedures and appropriate planning with regard to the current problems we can overcome the barriers and ameliorate the magnitude of the problems

[ efficacy of diltiazem on diminution of patients' complaints after anal surgery]

Local pain and painful defecation are common patients' complaints after anal surgery. Topical diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, can decrease the tonicity of smooth muscles of anal sphincter and probably decrease the aforementioned painful condition. This study evaluates the efficacy of topical diltiazem gel on these complaints. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, patients received either diltiazem gel or placebo [a gel not containing diltiazem], in inch at the site of operation, twice per day. All patients were followed up on 2[nd] and 7[th] postoperative days for scoring of complaints. The pain and painful defecation decreased significantly in second day in patients received diltiazem. Pain was completely alleviated in all patients received diltiazem in 7[th] postoperative day. But, in the placebo group, pain was reported by some of the patients in this day. No unwanted effect was reported in patients received diltiazem. Topical 2% diltiazem gel is effective on alleviation of pain and pain during defecation after standard anal surgery