ABSTRACT
Introduction: Depression is a common disorder and 1 of 5 women and 10 men are affected by depression during their life time. Depression in candidates of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery [CABG] may increase the rate of morbidity, re-hospitalization and death and it reduces quality of life after CABG
Objective: Determine the relative frequency of pre-operative depression in candidates of CABG in Heshmat Hospital in Rasht City, Iran
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on a representative sample of 250 candidates of CABG who admitted in Heshmat Hospital [from October 2006 to May 2007]. Patients were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory and those who scored more than 16 were interviewed considering DSM IV criteria for depressive disorders
Results: Among 250 patients, 67 cases [26.8%] acquired score more than 16 and 39 cases [15.6%] were depressed in structured clinical interview. Among them 12 cases [31%] were male and 27 cases [69%] were female, this difference was statically [p<0.001]. There was a significant relationship between educations and employment situation with depression [p<0.001] respectively. Depression was more in illiterates or primary schools education [p<0.008]. Unemployed and housewife women were statistically higher depressed [p<0.001]. There was a significant relationship between depression and co-morbid disorders while it was not associated with place of residence, marital status and diabetes mellitus
Conclusion: Regarding to The prevalence of pre-operative depression in candidates of CABG and its relationship with poor medical prognosis in these patients, it should be assessed before operation in order to reduce re-hospitalization and improve patients' quality of life
ABSTRACT
Various kinds of hand or rotary techniques are used for mechanical preparation of the root canal. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the number of applications of conventional and two rotary instrumentation techniques [Profile, FlexMaster] on the apical extrusion of debris. In this study, 73 single rooted mandibular premolars with curvatures between 0 to 10 degrees were divided into three groups. Groups H, P and F were prepared by the hand step-back, Profile and FlexMaster techniques, respectively. Preweighed vials [0.0001 precision] containing distilled water were used to collect debris. After canal preparation, the vials were completely dried and weighed again. The weight of the debit extruded from the apical foramen was calculated by assessing the difference between the weights of the vials, before and after canal preparation. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean weight differences of the debris between the number of applications of the three different techniques. The weight of the debris varied significantly according to the number of times the Profile technique was applied [n=6], i.e. the quantity of debris decreased with increased application. A statistically significant difference was not observed between the number of applications using the other studied techniques. New Profile instruments induce more extrusion of debris from the apical foramen as compared to previously used instruments
Subject(s)
Dental Instruments , Tooth ApexABSTRACT
Introduction: Substance abuse is the most common psychological disorders. Its side effects are not only related to the user but also effect their spouses and other family members
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the self- esteem, general well being and marital satisfaction of women having spouses who are substance abusers
Materials and Methods: This research is a cross sectional study. The experimental group included spouses of substance abusing men who voluntarily referred to addiction control centers in Rasht and the Control group consisted of married women referring to health care centers in Rasht. For data collection, three standard psychological questionnaires including GHQ 28 [general well being score]; Enrich [Marital satisfaction score], Cooper Smith [Self esteem score] and also a personal demographic questionnaire were used. From all qualified individuals, 18 wives of addicted men in experimental group and 24 wives of non-addicted men in control group were chosen through simple sampling, Information was collected by the psychologist or educated general physician by referring to addiction control centers and health care centers. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software and T test
Result: Demographic characteristics such as family income, occupation, housing condition, place of living and presence of disease were the same in both groups. The wives of addicted men showed significantly higher level of somatic symptoms [t=2.25, P=0.03], anxiety and insomnia[t=3.73, P=0.001] and depression [t=4.04, P=0.0001] than the control group. Partners of addicted men also had significantly lower levels of self- esteem [t=-3.61, P=0.0001] and marital satisfaction [t=-4/71, P=0.0001]
Conclusion: It seems that addicted men and their spouses affect each other and addicts significantly effect general areas of life. Based on the results of this study alike other western studies indicate that having an addicted husband significantly decrease his wife's quality of life. Therefore, it's necessary to pay more attention to the results of these studies so that authorities better understand and decrease the life difficulties of the families of addicted men