[Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its relation with depression]

According to destructive consequences of untreated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], this study was done to evaluate of the prevalence of adult ADHD and its relation with depression among Iranian students. This descriptive study was carried out on 414 students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran during 2010-11. ADHD was screened by ADHD self report scale for adult ADHD and asking DSM-IV criteria from parents for childhood ADHD. Beck depression inventory questionnaire was used to determine depression. The prevalence of adult ADHD and childhood ADHD was 3.9% and 8.5%, respectively. Depression was more prevalent in those with adult or childhood ADHD. Depression was more prevalent in under graduate than post graduate students [P<0.05]. Depression is more prevalent in students with adult ADHD or with history of childhood ADHD

[Comparison of the outcomes of three detoxification methods [clonidin, methadon, rapid] in opioid-dependents referred to Kerman Shaheed Beheshti Hospital in a 6-month follow-up]

In this study the efficacy of traditional method, methadone tapering method and rapid method as three opiate detoxification treatments was compared based on demographic features and naltrexone consumption in a 6-month follow up. This Cohort prospective study was performed on 140 opioid addict men referred to opiate detoxification center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kerman/ Iran from 2005-2007. They were divided into three groups of traditional method [n=61], methadone tapering [n=34] and rapid treatment [n=45] and followed up for 6 months in order to evaluate the results of detoxification treatments. At the end of the first month, the rate of abstinence in whole was 80.7%, and this rate was 83.6% in traditional treatment group, 82.4% in methadone group and 75.6% in rapid treatment group that shows no significant difference. After the 6th month the rate of abstinence was 12.8% in whole, 16.7% in traditional treatment group, 16.7% in methadone group and 6.3% in rapid treatment group. These rates, too, show no significant difference among three groups. The rate of naltrexone consumption at the end of the 1st month was 75.7% in whole, 52.5% in traditional group, 47.1% in methadone group and 97.8% in rapid treatment group that shows significant difference among three groups [P<0.05]. There was no case of naltrexone consumption at the end of the 6th month

Prevalence of cigarette smoking and relevant factors among school students in south of Iran

The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its relationship with some demographic features, among first and second grade of high school students in Kerman city. In this cross - sectional study 860 students [514 girls, 346 boys] were selected randomly in Kerman in 2003. They answered to the self - made questionnaire including issues related to smoking and demographic features and included Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependent. Data analysis was done by SPSS -10 software and using T- test, k[2] and Fisher test. In males 6.1% and in females 6.6% [6.4% totally] had smoked at least once in their life. 1.7% of males and 2.3% of females [2.1%] smoke sometimes. 2.8% of males and 0.4% of females [1.2%] were smokers. So 10.1% of males and 9.7% of females had experienced smoking. About 2.3% of males and 1.2% of females would like to quit smoking. In according to Fagerstrom test, 9 students, 5 males [1.5%] and 4 females [0.8%] were heavy smokers. 27 students, 15 males [4.4%] and 12 females [3.3%] were mild or moderate cigarette users. Cigarette smoking abuse is significantly high among teenagers in Iran therefore preventive activities should be directed in that way. This study showed that the prevalence of smoking was higher among boys but smoking for fun intentions was more in girls

[ prevalence of tobacco use and dependency and its relation to some demographic factors in people aged 12 and over in rural sample]

Despite of rapid alteration incidence and prevalence of tobacco use, some scattered and limited studies has been conducted in Iran, so more dynamic information is needed. This information could be useful and effective for the decision makers to make them sensitive and let them know the relation to mental health problem. This research was cross sectional study using a demographic questionnaire included Fagerstrom for nicotine dependence. All the population aged 12 and over was asked to complete the questionnaire [census sampling]. 2100 questionnaire were distributed among people, of which 1670 of them were useful for analysis from statistic point of view [Respondent rate 80%]. 49.3 percent were female and 50.7 percent were man. 18.5 percent of the sample had history of tobacco use or were dependent. Tobacco dependence was 7.3 percent and there was significant difference between men and women [P<0.001]. According to the tobacco users and tobacco dependents the most important person that encouraged them were friends at first and at last were their sister or brother. There was no Hubble-bubble and calumet [pipe with long stem] user in our sample. The mean use of cigarette was 11 per day. The average attempt to abstinence was 3 times. Tendency to abandon was very high [90.7%]. the prevalence of Tobacco use and dependency in our sample was very high especially in men. With respect to peer's role, high abstinence tendency it is reasonable that related organization try more to improve the learning of social skills in one hand and to prepare accessible facilities for those who have tendency toward give up in other hand

[Epidemiology of the prevalence study of psychiatric disorders in the teachers of exceptional education department in Kerman in the year 2001-2002]

The education of exceptional children [the children who are physically or mentally handicapped] is stressful, and could be the cause of teacher's burn out. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in exceptional school teachers in Kerman city in the year 2001-2002.This cross-sectional study was designed with census sampling in exceptional schools teachers in Kerman city in the year 2001-2002. Data collection form was symptom-checklist-90-Revised questioner [SCL-90-R]. The total number of sample were 235, but only 215 questioners were completed and was analyzed [respondent rate was 91.4%]. The result of this study indicated psychiatric disorders in 3 levels as shown below. Mild 38.1%, moderate 3.3%, severe 1.4%. Depression was the most frequent disorder in both sexes [86.1%], paranoid ideation was the least [33.9%]. There were not any significant differences between sex and marital status or other background factors in psychiatric disorders according to SCL-90-R index. There was no difference according to GSI index [Global severity index] between females and males.Comparison between the above results and other studies suggest the necessity of more attention in mental health among this group