ABSTRACT
Background: one of the problems due to aging is apoptosis development in various tissues of body. There is some evidence that some drugs induce apoptosis development via oxidative stress. However, physical activity and herbal drugs through two different mechanisms can cause to inhibit the apoptosis
Objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of concurrent regular aerobic training and garlic extract on Bax and Bcl-2 levels and Bax to Bcl-2 ratio in cardiac tissue of aged rats with chronic kidney disease
Methods: forty two aged male rats were selected and randomly divided into control group, Doxorubicin group, Doxorubicin and saline group, Doxorubicin and aerobic training group, Doxorubicin and garlic group, Doxorubicin, garlic and aerobic training group. The chronic kidney disease induced by the subcutaneous injection of doxorubicin [8.5 mg/kg of body weight] .The protocol training included 3 sessions per week, 30 minutes per session for 8 weeks. The garlic extract were given by gavage [2.5 g/kg of body weight]. Cardiac levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by ELISA
Results: the results showed that eight weeks swimming training and garlic extract and combination of them caused to significant increase in Bcl-2 levels and significant decrease in Bax levels and Bcl-2 to Bax ratio of aged cardiac tissue rats with chronic kidney disease [P<0.05]
Conclusion: based on the results, although physical training and garlic extract individually imposed protective effects on the cardiac tissue but intervention effect of them had no reinforcement effect on the cardiac protection
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare GH, insulin resistance index, lipid profile, cardiorespiratory function and their associations to leptin levels in inactive obese and lean young men
Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight obese and lean young men were studied. After 12 h fasting [at 8 A.M.], blood samples were collected to determine blood parameters levels and maximal oxygen uptake [as indicators of cardiorespiratory function] of subjects was also assessed
Results: Leptin and insulin levels, HOMA-IR [insulin resistance index] were higher, and GH and maximal oxygen uptake levels were lower, in obese versus lean men. Serum leptin concentrations were positively correlated to body mass, body fat percent, body mass index, insulin and HOMA-IR, and negatively correlated to GH levels and maximal oxygen uptake. No significant correlations were observed between serum leptin concentrations and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profiles in any of the groups. Independent t-tests were used to compare characteristics between obese and underweight groups, and relationships were calculated by Pearson's correlation analysis, P values<0.01 being considered statistically significant
Conclusion: Obese and lean inactive young men had different levels of leptin, GH, insulin, insulin resistance index, cardiorespiratory function and body fat percent, of which body fat percent, insulin, and GH appear to the be more important determinant factors for leptin levels