Preparation and characterization of some phosphoborosilicate glasses containing some micronutrients as plant fertilizers

Four phosphoborosilicate glasses containing one or more of the micronutrients: namely Cu, Zn, Fe, were prepared using analytical grade chemicals by melting in an electric furnace at about 1400°C for 2hr. The melts being calcined at about 450°C, were carefully crushed to grains of 2mm size. The release rate of the glass grains of 2mm size in 0.4%HC1 solution, 2% citric acid solution, and distilled water at room temperature was determined using a standard grain method for immersion time intervals varying between 1 to 4 weeks. The concentrations of K and P ions released into the leaching solutions were determined. The results obtained revealed that some of the prepared plant fertilizer samples led to a significant increase in the plant growth better than that observed in case of the traditional fertilizers. Furthermore, the extents of K and P ions released increased by increasing the time of immersion

Infrared spectra and crystallization of some Li2O - SiO2 glasses and the effects of caO- Al2O3 and k2O additives

Infrared absorption spectroscopy was employed to investigate the specific structural groups presented in the glasses and their corresponding glass-ceramics obtained from the system Li2O-SiO2 together with [investigating] the CaO, Al2O3 and K2O additives. The crystalline phases in the glass-ceramics have been identified using X- ray diffraction [measurements]

Gamma-Ray interaction with lead phosphate glasses

The change in the absorption spectra of some irradiated binary lead phosphate glasses has been studied by increasing the gamma-ray doses with changing the chemical composition of the glass. In the range of studied glasses comprising PbO 45, P[2]O[5]55 up to PbO 57.5,P[2]O[5] = 42.5 [mol. percent], the gamma-rays induce three absorption bands : one in the ultraviolet and two in the visible range of spectrum. The results showed that the intensity of the induced bands exhibited marked changes with the change in the radiation dose while the change of glass composition gave minor effect. The response of the glasses to gamma irradiation is related to the creation of defect colour centers, the approach of a saturation conditioner to possible annihilation processes

Behaviour of ultrasonic in chromium doped xpb0- [100-x] b2o3 glasses

Glasses containing lead oxide are extensively used for various purposes. In addition to the conventional industrial applications, such as crystal glass and optical glasses, low-melting glasses and glass-ceramics have been widely used in the field of electronic technology. Lead-borate glasses doped with transition metal ions have gained greater importance in various fields [1,2] The potential applications are attributed to their conductivity, thermal stability, chemical durability etc. of the glass system. The added alkali oxide is usually incorporated into borate glass ionically, resulting in the change of boron coordination from three to four and after certain limit leads to the formation of non-bridging oxygen [NBO]. The compositional dependence of lead-borate glasses doped with transitional metal oxides have been studied [3-5] through electrical, optical and physical properties. Recently, Bishnol et al [6] studied the electrical and optical properties of Cr [3+] doped chlorophosphate and phosphate glasses. However, acoustical measurement, which is an important tool to study the structure and properties of glass network, has been found to be scanty in the present high lead glass system. The study of acoustical properties with the addition of chromium on lead-borate glasses is significant not only due to their technical importance, but also for better understanding of the glass network. The composition dependence of elastic constant, various acoustic and the derived parameters have been made on silicate glass systems [7-10]. In our laboratory recently we have reported the effect of the influence of acoustical parameters on chromium doped sodium-silicate glasses [11] in continuation, in the present investigation an attempt has been made to analyse the influence of various acoustical parameters, on the structure and properties of chromium doped lead-borate XPbO-[100-X] B[2]O[3] + 0.05 Cr[2]O[3] glasses with different composition of X and chromium. Further, the effect of replacement of lead oxide [PbO] by a monovalent ion, namely Na[+], in the chromium doped lead-borate glasses have also been studied from the measured ultrasonic velocity, attenuation, density and the derived parameters. The following parameters namely longitudinal modulus [L], acoustic impedance [Z] and Internal friction [Q[-1]] have been calculated from the measured data. The composition dependence of these parameters has been discussed with effect of change in structure of glass network with change in composition of alkali oxide, Chromium and the introduction of a monovalent ion in the place of PbO