Role of certain antimicrobial agents in treating the repeat breeder syndrome among cows and buffaloes

Sixty cows and 40 buffalos were diagnosed clinically repeat breeder animals. Uterine samples were collected and examined bacteriologically. The sensitivity of bacterial isolates recorded from the infectious cases for the antibiotics was studied. The microorganisms isolated from the uterine samples of cows and buffalos were Strept. bovis [5% and 7.5%], Staph. epidermidis [4% and 18.8%], Strept. facium [10.3%, 7.7%], Corynebacterium [18.1% and 14.8%], E. coli [6% and 1.0%], Enterobacter [10.6% and 8.9%], Pseudomonas [1.0% and 6.1%], and unclassified species [17.5% and 19.8%] respectively. Several medicaments were used to treat the repeat breeder animals symptomatically or based on the results of the bacterial sensitivity tests. Lugol's iodine 0.5%, lotagen 4%, mastalone and the animal own plasma were used based on symptoms. Tetracycline, ampicillin and sulfonamide were used to treat the repeat breeder animals in two ways. The first without sensitivity tests and the second based on sensitivity tests against the isolated bacterial strains. The results indicated that the most popular causes of repeat breeder were endometritis [40%] and cervicitis [30%] for cows and cervicitis [35%] and endometritis [25%] in buffalos. The results revealed that the high conception rate was obtained following the treatment of the animal with its own plasma [71.4% and 80%] and the ampicillin [50% and 50%] without sensitivity test for cows and buffalos, respectively. According to the results of the sensitivity tests, the best medicaments were tetracycline [60% and 60%], sulfonamide [50% and 66.6%] and ampicillin [75% and 100%] for cows and buffalos respectively. It was clear that the endometritis and cervicitis were the most popular causes of repeat breeder syndrome in cows and buffalos that were found with small holders. As a new trend, it was valuable to use the animal own plasma to treat such syndrome. However, the use of antibiotics will be more effective if used on sensitivity tests bases

Effect of alpha Adrenergic blocker [phentolamine] on propionylpromazine induced hyperglycemia in rats

The present study was conducted on 32 albino rats to investigate the effect of the alpha adrenergic blocker "phentolamine" on the hyperglycemia induced by propionylpromazine. The results revealed that propionylpromazine injection induced significant increase in glucose levels accompanied with significant decrease of insulin levels; phentolamine injection induced hypoglycemia with increased level of insulin than control; injection of phentolamine with propionylpromazine resulted in a significant decrease of glucose level accompanied with increased insulin level alone and completely counteract the propionylpromazine induced hyperglycemia

Biochemical studies on some copper containing enzymes in rats administered ketamine and thiopentone

Thiopentone and Ketamine were selected for this study since they are most frequently used as intravenous anaesthetics and could possess free radical production. 64 albino rats [200 gm +/- 10] have been administered an anaesthetic dose of the two drugs, control groups were treated similarly with saline. Blood and tissues samples were collected after 2, 12, 24 hours from administration of drugs. Determination of superoxide dismutase in blood, caeruloplasmin in plasma and cytochrome oxidase in liver and heart tissues revealed that: 1- Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased after 2 hours following Ketamine and showed a highly significant decrease after 12 hours with thiopental and Ketamine and the activity returned to normal after 24 hours with both anaesthetics. 2- Caeruloplasmin level showed a significant decrease after 12 and 24 hours from Ketamine administration and only after 24 hours with thiopentone. 3- Cytochrome oxidase activity in liver tissue was decreased significantly 2 hours following thiopentone and after 12 and 24 hours following Ketamine administration. 4- Cytochrome oxidase activity in heart tissue showed no significant change at any time following administration of both drugs. It might be concluded from these results that the relation between thiopentone, Ketamine and the studied copper containing enzymes by production of free radicals during metabolism of both drugs. Thiopentone was less hazardous than Ketamine of given within 12 hours from the first exposure to anaesthesia

Effect of naloxone on concentration and analgesic action of morphine in rats

The aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of Naloxone on the analgesic action and on the concentration of Morphine in the brain and serum of rats. The results showed that Naloxone could antagonize the analgesic effect of Morphine overdose on the different studied physiological functions of the nervous system of rats. It reduced voluntary activity, decreased respiratory rate and response to external stimuli with loss of pain reflexes. Naloxone alone induced hyperalgesia and increased the above mentioned parameters indicating its stimulant effect on the nervous system. In the present study, the concentration of Morphine and Naloxone in sera and brains were determined by using combined thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods. It was found that Naloxone decreased Morphine concentrations in serum and brain tissues by more than 20%. It may be concluded that, Naloxone not only antagonises the action of Morphine overdose on the central nervous system but also it alters its kinetic and disposition

Effect of tolazoline on xylazine induced hyperglycemia in rats

The present study was conducted on 40 albino rats to investigate the effect of the alpha adrenergic blocker "tolazoline" on the hyperglycemia and glucosurea experimentally induced by intramuscular injection of xylazine with a single dose of 16 mg/kg b. wt. in the tested rats. The estimated plasma glucose levels were 262.7 +/- 15.9 and 321.5 +/- 27.3 mg/dl at one and two hours following xylazine injection, respectively as compared with the levels [122.2 +/- 1.4 and 127.1 +/- 3.0] of non treated animals. Tolazoline [4 mg/kg b. wt. i. p.] completely antagonized the hyperglycemic effect induced by xylazine and the glucose level was significantly decreased to 114.3 +/- 9.9 and 107.1 +/- 4.8 mg/dl at one and two hours following xylazine injection, respectively as compared with xylazine treated group. Xylazine injection induced glucosurea and this effect can be antagonized by tolazoline injection. It is concluded that effect agent to counteract the tolazaective "an alpha [2] antagonist" is an hyperglycemic effect of xylazine. Moreover this study emphasis the role of alpha [2] receptors in regulation of blood glucose