[Determination of contamination with Clostridium botulinum in two species of processed and non prosecced fish]

The Clostridium botulinum is one of the most important causative of food poisoning. Spores of Clostridium botulinum spread out in the soil, the sea sediments, the marine environments and the marine animals. In recent years use of the marine food products like as fish and cultured fish are elevated. The aim of this study was done to compare between processing and non processing fish infected by predominant type of Clostridium botulinum. This descriptive study was done on the 146 samples of fish in two species of processed and non prosecced that collected from Gilan province in Iran during 2008. These samples included the Liza auratus Fish [45 processed fish and 28 non processed fish] and the Salmo Trutta caspius Fish [34 processing fish and 39 non processing fish]. The samples examined according to the APHA2000 and FDA2003 protocols. Data Analyzed with SPSS-13 and Chi-Square test. 16 [11%] of samples [13% of the processed fish and 7.5% of non processed fish] were confirmed that infected by Clostridium botulinum. Also the dominant type of exotoxin was Type E. The Type E exotoxin was determined from 11 of the samples [6 processed fish and 5 non processed fish]. This study showed that fish are infected by Clostridium botulinum special the type E. also use of fish in bad preparation [half cooking and add material in its stomach] may cause the food poisoning

survey of traditional Iranian food products for contamination with toxigenic Clostridium botulinum

This study aimed to determine the rate of Clostridium botulinum contamination in some traditional Iranian food products [cheese, kashk and salted fish] and evaluate the efficacy of the mouse bioassay method in detection of C. botulinum toxins in these foods. A total of 131 samples [57 cheese, 11 kashk and 63 salted fish] were collected and examined to determine the rate of contamination by C. botulinum. Standard monovalent anti-toxins were used to determine the types of toxin. C. botulinum bacteria were detected in 4.58% of the examined samples [1.52% of cheese and 3.06% of salted fish samples]. While no contamination was detected in the kashk samples, C. botulinum types A and E were found to be dominant in cheese and salted fish samples, respectively. These results indicate-some traditional Iranian foods may be contaminated with different types of C. botulinum, and the consumption of these products, either raw or cooked, may contribute to food-borne intoxications

[Correlates of unwanted pregnancy among pregnant women attending medical and health centers in Semnan, Iran]

Unwanted pregnancy is one of the most important causes of mother and child mortality. It may end up to illegal abortion and result in inevitable physical and psychological consequences. This study aimed to determine the correlates of unwanted pregnancy among pregnant women attending medical and health centers in Semnan. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 229 pregnant women using random sampling. Women with at least one alive child were recruited. Data were gathered using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. The mean age was 30.7. The mean age at marriage was 19.7. Of all women, 32.3% had unwanted pregnancy. The results showed that there were significant relationships between age of marriage [P<0.05], current age of women [P<0.05], level of education [P<0.05], No. of children [P<0.01], employment [P<0.05], and income [P<0.01] with unwanted pregnancy. The prevalence rate of unwanted pregnancy was high in the studied population. Educational programs regarding correct methods of contraceptive usages are required

[Recurrent Kawasaki diseases: a case report]

Kawasaki disease is a vasculitis with unknown cause, which is most commonly seen in children younger than 5 years old. The incidence of the disease is between 0.8-3% and male/female ratio is 1.37. Kawasaki is diagnosed basd on prolonged fever at least five days with four of five clinical criteria. Recurrent diseases occur in 1-3% of cases. Multiple recurrences have been reported rarely. We report on a 4-year-old boy that experienced three attacks of Kawasaki disease. All three clinical features were complete diseases and he was treated with IVIG. He was healthy after 6 months of follow up after the third recurrence. We report a case of multiple recurrent Kawasaki disease with coronary aneurysm in different portion. There was no adverse sequelae, after he is treated with IVIG