ABSTRACT
Breast milk and formula milk and the corresponding serum samples from 20 breast-fed babies, 20 formula-fed babies, and their mothers were examined at 3 days of age for beta-glucuronidase enzyme. Serum indirect bilirubin levels were also examined for all the infants. Serum indirect bilirubin concentrations were significantly higher [p < 0.001] in breast-fed [4.87 +/- 2.4mg/dl] than in formula-fed infants [1.04 +/- 0.5 mg/dl]. beta-glucuronidase activity in formula milk was negligible, while that in human milk was considerable [468.26 +/- 220.8 Sigma units/ml] and was correlated [p < 0.05] with that in the serum of the breast-fed [66.13 +/- 18.1 Sigma units/ml] than in formula fed infants [52.08 +/- 11.9 Sigma units/ml] and a significant [p < 0.05] correlation was found between its serum level and serum indirect bilirubin in both breast and formula fed infants. Also in breast-fed infants serum bilirubin concentrations were related to beta-glucuronidase activity in breast milk [p < 0.05]: Breast milk beta-glucuronidase - by facilitating intestinal reabsorption of bilirubin - seems to be an important factor in the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia of breast-fed babies
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Feeding , HyperbilirubinemiaABSTRACT
The effect of incubating dog red cells in citrate-phosphate dextrose adenine [CPDA] containing L-alanine [ALA] and/or phosphoenol pyravate [PEP], at 37°C for one hour was studied. All the additive mixtures increased 2, 3 diphosphoglycerate [2, 3 DPG] level as compared to CPDA control. CPDA-ALA-PED, CPDA-PEP and CPDA-ALA increased 2, 3 DPG level by 60%, 47% and 10% respectively. Also, CPDA-ALA-PEP and CPDA-PEP increased adenosine triphosphate level by 33% and 23% respectively. Storage of blood in the different additive showed that CPDA-ALA-PEP surpassed all other additives in maintaining 2, 3 DPG and ATP concentrations, and decreasing supernatant hemoglobin [Hb] and percent hemolysis, throughout 42 days at 4°C