ABSTRACT
The expression levels of heat shock proteins after heat stress on rat slow soleus and fast plantaris muscles were examined and compared during a recovery period following 1 h of heat stress. The left hindlimbs of adult male Wistar rats (n=15) were carefully inserted into a stainless steel can and subjected to heat stress for 1 h by raising the air temperature inside the steel can to 54-58t with a flexible heater so as to bring the muscle temperature up to 42°C. The muscles of the contralateral right hindlimb served as the control. The expression levels of HSP 60, HSP 72, and HSC 73 were analyzed by Western blotting after 0, 2, and 4 h of recovery following 1 h of heat stress. In the soleus muscle, all of the HSP levels analyzed were significantly increased during 0-4 h of recovery. On the other hand, heat stress had no effect on the expression levels of HSPs, except HSP 60, in the plantaris muscle during recovery after 1 h of heat stress. These results suggest that the slow soleus muscle has a higher ablility to respond quickly to heat stress than the fast plantaris muscle.
ABSTRACT
To determine whether fiber type-specific expression of heat shock protein (HSP, or stress protein) occurs in unstressed rat skeletal muscle, the medial gastrocnemius of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats was subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. Antibodies against 5 types of anti-myosin heavy chain (MHC) were used to classify the type of fibers, and 2 types of anti-HSP antibodies were employed to analyze the fiber type-specific expression.<BR>Serial cross-sections of 10 μm thick cut by a cryostat were incubated with primary anti-MHC or anti-HSP 60 and 72 antibodies, followed by biotinylated secondary anti-mouse antibodies, and avidin-biotin complex solution. A peroxidase DAB substrate kit (Vector SK-4100) or BCIP/NBT solution was used to visualize the immunoreaction of each fiber type.<BR>By using the 5 types of anti-MHC antibodies, fibers were classified into 4 types : slow-type I, fasttypes IIA, IIX, and IIB. Anti-HSP 72 antibody reacted with many, but not all, type I and IIA fibers, whereas anti-HSP 60 antibody reacted specifically with type I fibers. Neither type IIX nor IIB fibers showed immunoreactivity with anti-HSP 60 or 72 antibodies. These results suggest that the expression of HSP 60 protein is related to that of type I MHC, and that the expression of HSP 72 protein may be related to that of types I and ha MHC, in unstressed rat skeletal muscle.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was carried with 15 males (60.2 years old on the average) and 12 females (43.3 years old on the average) who had made it a rule to run regularly for exercise in daily life. The females were before the climacteric stage. Its purpose was to study the serum cholesterol fraction in relation to food intake and distance, duration, and speed of running for exercise.<BR>The following results were obtained.<BR>1) The composite variable of serum lipid synthesis tended to be affected more distinctly by the group with food intake as indicator than by the group with locomotion as indicator. It seemed to be influenced primarily by the amount of food intake to a remarkable extent, and secondarily by the group with locomotion as indicator. In this group an increase in consumption of energy with the practice of running exercises participated in bringing about such influence.<BR>2) It was suggested that great care should be taken for food intake in performing running exercises as a habit, taking energy consumed by running into consideration.
ABSTRACT
Fourteen female handball players who were candidates for Olympic representative team were asked to run 12 minutes, and the relationship between the variation of the urinary components and the variations of the running speed and the heart beats was researched.<BR>The obtained results in short are in the following:<BR>1) The covered distance of the 12-minute running was from 2, 385 meters to 3, 050 meters, and the average was 2, 830±196.6 meters.<BR>2) The heart beat rate quickly recovered for about 5 minutes after running, and then gradually reduced; after 30 minutes the rate was considerably higher than the level before the running in many cases.<BR>3) The urinary volume was obviously less after the running than that before it.<BR>4) The 1-hour after urine including the running time contained much pyruvates and lactates exhausted therein, and then the excretion amount reduced to the previous level. The ratios of Pyruvic acid/Creatinine and Lactic acid/Creatinine showed similar tendencies. The ratio of Pyruvic acid/Creatinine before the running against that after the running showed positive correlation with the running speed more than 230m/min., but showed a negative correlation clearly with the recovering rate of the heart beat after 30 minutes being higher than 60%. It suggests that the excretion of urinary pyruvate increase with more anaerobic factors for energy production under the conditions of the higher speed running and the larger oxygen debt.<BR>5) The urinary citrate obviously decreased just after the running, but in recovered considerably in the urine obtained after 2 hours. The ratio of Citric acid/Creatinine was low just after the running. The variations appears not to be simply due to the reduction of renal clearance.<BR>6) The urinary creatinine tended to reduce in the urine obtained 1-hour after the running, and particularly with the urinary pyruvate more than 50μg/ml there was observed clear negative correlation with creatinine which showed lower concentration with more anaerobic factors; it suggests some reduction of renal clearance.