Changes in explosive muscle strength in shuttlecock training / Alterações da força muscular explosiva no treinamento com shuttlecock / Cambios en la fuerza muscular explosiva en el entrenamiento con shuttlecock

ABSTRACT Introduction: Shuttlecock is a popular sport in China. Its level of competition depends on the athlete's body shape, strength, technique, tactics, and mentality, among other factors that require the mastery of the shuttlecock with all body parts except the hands. The physical preparation for this sport requires the explosive strength of specific muscles for its total domination. Objective: To explore the changes in explosive muscle strength in shuttlecock players after short-term physical training. Methods: College students in two shuttlecock elective classes were selected as volunteers for the research. The experiment divided the two classes into experimental and control groups. The conventional training method was used in the control group. The experimental group used a combination of a physical and routine training protocol. The groups were tested for fitness before and after the experimental intervention. The data obtained were statistically analyzed and discussed. Results: The experimental group's specific muscle strength and explosive power after physical training were better than the control groups. The scores of the experimental and control groups were significantly different in terms of physical flexibility, the number of kicks, and motor skill assessment (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the number of push-ups between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Physical training significantly affects the physical quality of college students and their number of shots. Physical training is essential to improve shuttlecock practitioners' muscular strength and explosive power. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O shuttlecock é um esporte com peteca popular entre os chineses. Seu nível de competição depende da forma corporal do atleta, força, técnica, tática, mentalidade, entre outros fatores que exigem o domínio da peteca com todas as partes do corpo exceptuando as mãos. A preparação física com este esporte solicita a força explosiva de músculos específicos para o seu total domínio. Objetivo: Explorar as alterações de força muscular explosiva nos jogadores de shuttlecock após o treinamento físico de curto prazo. Métodos: Selecionou-se universitários em duas aulas eletivas de shuttlecock como voluntários para a pesquisa. O experimento dividiu as duas classes em grupos experimentais e grupos de controle. O método de treinamento convencional foi usado no grupo de controle. O grupo experimental utilizou uma combinação de um protocolo de treinamento físico associado ao treinamento de rotina. Os grupos foram testados quanto a aptidão física antes e após a intervenção experimental. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente e discutidos. Resultados: A força muscular específica do grupo experimental e o poder muscular explosivo após o treinamento físico foram melhores do que os do grupo de controle. As pontuações dos grupos experimental e de controle foram significativamente diferentes em termos de flexibilidade física, número de chutes e avaliação das habilidades motoras (P<0,05). Não houve significância estatística no número de flexões entre os dois grupos (P>0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento físico afeta significativamente a qualidade física dos estudantes universitários e o seu número de tacadas. O treinamento físico é essencial para melhorar a força muscular e o poder explosivo dos praticantes de shuttlecock. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El shuttlecock un deporte con volante popular entre los chinos. Su nivel de competición depende de la forma corporal del atleta, la fuerza, la técnica, la táctica, la mentalidad, entre otros factores que exigen el dominio del volante con todas las partes del cuerpo excepto las manos. La preparación física con este deporte requiere la fuerza explosiva de músculos específicos para su total dominio. Objetivo: Explorar los cambios de la fuerza muscular explosiva en jugadores de shuttlecock tras un entrenamiento físico de corta duración. Métodos: Se seleccionaron como voluntarios para la investigación estudiantes universitarios de dos clases optativas de shuttlecock. El experimento dividió las dos clases en grupos experimentales y de control. En el grupo de control se utilizó el método de entrenamiento convencional. El grupo experimental utilizó una combinación de un protocolo de entrenamiento físico junto con un entrenamiento rutinario. Los grupos fueron sometidos a pruebas de aptitud física antes y después de la intervención experimental. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron y discutieron estadísticamente. Resultados: La fuerza muscular específica del grupo experimental y la potencia muscular explosiva después del entrenamiento físico fueron mejores que las del grupo de control. Las puntuaciones de los grupos experimental y de control fueron significativamente diferentes en términos de flexibilidad física, número de patadas y evaluación de las habilidades motoras (P<0,05). No hubo significación estadística en el número de flexiones entre los dos grupos (P>0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento físico afecta significativamente a la calidad física de los estudiantes universitarios y a su número de disparos. El entrenamiento físico es esencial para mejorar la fuerza muscular y la potencia explosiva de los practicantes de shuttlecock. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effects of variable exercise on strength training in throwing athletes / Efeitos do exercício variável no treinamento de força em praticantes de arremesso / Efectos del ejercicio variable en el entrenamiento de fuerza en practicantes de lanzamiento

ABSTRACT Introduction: Throwing is a physical phenomenon with its base resistance and speed, demanding the high explosive force of its practitioners. Objective: Observe the implications of exercise with speed and variable load on the explosive strength training of throwing practitioners. Methods: The author uses scientific literature to execute an experiment on throwing techniques, dividing 24 athletes randomly into control and experimental groups. Variations of discus weight and throwing distances were applied in the groups. The results were compared in SPSS and Excel to perform the corresponding statistical processing. Results: The athletes showed throwing performance with an increasing trend, but not evident enough among the control group. The increase in the experimental group was evident compared to the performance before the experiment. Conclusion: Training with variable speed and variable load exercises positively affects strength training in throwing events. It is recommended to perform variable speed and variable load exercises for athletes in throwing practitioners. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O arremesso é um fenômeno físico que tem como base a resistência e a velocidade, exigindo elevada força explosiva corporal de seus praticantes. Objetivo: Observar as implicações do exercício com velocidade e carga variável no treinamento de força explosiva dos praticantes de arremesso. Métodos: O autor utiliza embasamento na literatura científica para executar um experimento de técnicas de arremesso esportivo, dividindo 24 atletas aleatoriamente em grupos controle e experimental. Variações de peso dos discos e distâncias de lançamento foram aplicadas nos grupos e a comparação dos resultados foi executada no software SPSS e Excel para realizar o processamento estatístico correspondente. Resultados: Os atletas apresentaram desempenho de lançamento com uma tendência crescente, mas não suficiente evidente entre o grupo controle. Comparado ao desempenho prévio do experimento, o aumento do grupo experimental foi evidenciado. Conclusão: O treinamento com exercícios de velocidade variável e carga variável tem um efeito positivo no treinamento de força em eventos de arremesso, é recomendado realizar exercícios de velocidade variável e carga variável para atletas em praticantes de arremesso. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El lanzamiento es un fenómeno físico que tiene como base la resistencia y la velocidad, exigiendo una alta fuerza corporal explosiva de sus practicantes. Objetivo: Observar las implicaciones del ejercicio con velocidad y carga variable en el entrenamiento de la fuerza explosiva de los lanzadores. Métodos: El autor utiliza la literatura científica para ejecutar un experimento de técnicas de lanzamiento, dividiendo a 24 atletas al azar en grupos de control y experimental. Se aplicaron variaciones de peso de los discos y distancias de lanzamiento en los grupos y la comparación de los resultados se ejecutó en el software SPSS y Excel para realizar el correspondiente tratamiento estadístico. Resultados: Los atletas mostraron un rendimiento de lanzamiento con una tendencia al alza, pero no es suficientemente evidente entre el grupo de control. En comparación con el rendimiento anterior al experimento, se evidenció el aumento en el grupo experimental. Conclusión: El entrenamiento con ejercicios de velocidad variable y carga variable tiene un efecto positivo en el entrenamiento de la fuerza en las pruebas de lanzamiento, se recomienda la realización de ejercicios de velocidad variable y carga variable para los atletas en las prácticas de lanzamiento. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Preliminary development of Health Literacy Evaluation Scale for Pupils / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To preliminarily develop Health Literacy Scale for pupils, providing a tool for dynamic monitoring and related health literacy research among pupils.@*Methods@#Through policy and literature review, the health literacy evaluation index system of pupils was established. Through two rounds of expert consultation, the evaluation index system and scale item pool of three levels in primary school were formed, and "Evaluation Scale 1.0" was developed. Through two panel discussions, health education experts, teachers and students were invited to provide advices on the content, expression and structure of scale 1.0, turning it into "Evaluation Scale 2.0", and completing the preliminary development of the scale.@*Results@#The health literacy assessment index system of primary school students includes three levels，including level-1 was Grade 1-2, level-2 was Grade 3-4,level-3 was Grade 5-6, covering two level indexes. The scale for primary school students contained five horizontal dimensions and four vertical dimensions. In the Delphi consultation, the response rate was 100%, and the authority coefficient was 0.85. After item selection and modification, the final version of level-1, level-2 and level-3 scales contained 36, 44 and 50 items respectively.@*Conclusion@#The development of Health Literacy Evaluation Scale for pupils has high applicability and practical value.

Characteristics of benign lung diseases mimicking lung cancer in preoperative CT of 173 patients / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To improve accuracy of clinical diagnosis through analyzing the CT characteristics and clinical manifestations of patients with benign lung diseases whose CT manifestations initially led to a suspicion of lung cancer. Methods This study collected 2 239 patients of benign lung disease verified by postoperative pathology in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital from June 2006 to December 2016. Lesions of 173 patients (101 males and 72 females with a mean age of 56.0 years) were considered very likely to be malignant on preoperative contrast CT scan, which were sorted to 20 types of lung diseases, and the 20 types of diseases contained 907 patients diagnosed or misdiagnosed. Statistical analyses were performed using the CT and clinical characteristics of the 173 patients. Results Among the 907 patients with benign lung disease, the benign pathologies that were most commonly misdiagnosed by preoperative enhanced CT were pulmonary leiomyoma (100.0%), pulmonary actinomycosis (75.0%), pulmonary cryptococcosis (71.4%), sclerosing hemangioma (50.0%) and organizing pneumonia (44.2%). Among the 173 patients with benign diseases, the most common diseases were tuberculosis (29.5%), organizing pneumonia (28.9%), pulmonary hamartoma (6.4%) and pulmonary abscess (6.4%). In the 173 patients, 17.3% had fever, 56.6% coughing, 8.7% yellow sputum, 28.9% hemoptysis, 16.2% chest pain, 18.5% elevated leukocyte counts and 4.6% elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Most of the CT manifestations consisted of nodular or mass shadows, 70.5% of which had foci≤3 cm and manifestations were similar to those of lung cancer, such as a spiculated margin (49.1%), lobulation (33.5%), pleural indentation (27.2%) and significant enhancement (39.3%). Furthermore, some patients had uncommon tumor signs, such as calcification (12.7%), central liquefactive necrosis (18.5%), satellite foci (9.8%) and multiple pulmonary nodules (42.2%). Moreover, 24.3% of the patients had enlarged lymph nodes of the mediastinum or hilum. Conclusion As the CT manifestations of some benign lung conditions are similar to those of lung cancer, careful differential diagnosis is necessary to identify the basic characteristics of the disease when the imaging results are ambiguous, and the diagnosis of a lung disease need incorporate the patients' clinical characteristics and a comprehensive analysis.

Myocardial damage and change of mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase activity in craniocerebral injured rats and the intervening effect of ginkgo biloba extract / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the myocardial damage and changes of myocardial mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity in craniocerebral injured rats and the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on them.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Craniocerebral injured rats model was established by fluid-percussion and treated with GBE. The dynamical changes of electrocardiograph (ECG) in 24 h were monitored, the serum level of MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and the change of myocardial mitochondrial Mn-SOD activity as well as the pathologic changes of myocardium (HE staining) were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The occurrence of ECG abnormality obviously increased in the injured rats, accompanied with increased serum CK-MB (P<0.05) and decreased myocardial Mn-SOD levels (P<0.05), and the Mn-SOD activity was negatively correlated with the level of CK-MB (r=-0.997, P<0.05). Pretreatment of GBE resulted in the decrease of ECG abnormality occurrence (P<0.01), serum CK-MB level (P<0.05), and degree of myocardial damage, as well as the increase of Mn-SOD activity in post-craniocerebral injured rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Craniocerebral injury can result in distinct myocardial damage, which is possibly correlated with the lowering of anti-oxidation stress level of myocardial cellular mitochondria. GBE possesses the protective effect on myocardial damage after craniocerebral injury.</p>

Effect of Different Concentrations of Neogenin on Proliferation,Apoptosis and Related Proliferative Factors in Human Trophoblasts / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The underlying effect of different concentrations of neogenin on proliferation,apoptosis and the related proliferative factors in human trophoblasts was explored in order to understand the function of neogenin during placentation.TEV-1 cell line was cultured and the expression of netrin-1was detected by using indirect cellular immunofluorescence.Exponentially growing TEV-1 cells were treated by different concentrations of neogenin(0,1,5,10,50 ng/mL)for 24 h.Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.TEV-1 cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry(FCM).The expression of netrin-1 mRNA and protein in TEV-1 cells was examined by using real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.It was found that immunoreactivity for netrin-1 was observed in cytoplasm of the trophoblasts.Immediately after treatment with different concentrations of neogenin for 24 h,the netrin-1 expression began to increase.Real-time PCR revealed that the expression level of netrin-1 mRNA was 37.59±10.25 times higher than control group when TEV-1 cells were exposed to 50 ng/mL neogenin(P<0.01),and the same tendency was seen by using Western blot.MTT results showed that proliferation of TEV-1 cells was independent of neogenin.Meanwhile,apoptosis was significantly increased to(22.15±6.15)% at50 ng/mL neogenin and(6.55±0.25)% without neogenin(P<0.01).It is suggested that neogenin regulates proliferation and apoptosis of TEV-1 cells.And it can enhance the ability of TEV-1 ceils to express netrin-1 in a dose-dependent manner.Neogenin may play an important biological role in the normal human pregnancy and contribute to the physiological pregnancy process.

Establishment of a Functional Cell Line Expressing both Subunits of H1a and H2c of Human Hepatocyte Surface Molecule ASGPR / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To better understand the effect of a new split variant of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR Hlb) on ASGPR ligands' binding ability, we established a functional cell line which expresses ASGPR. The full lengths of ASGPRH 1 a and H2c fragments from human liver were amplified by reverse transcript PCR (RT-PCR) and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector plRES2EGFP,pCDNA3.1 (Zeo+) respectively. The recombinants were co-transfected into HeLa cells. After selection by using Neocin and Zeocin, a stably transfected cell line was established, which was designated 4-1-6. The transcription and expression of ASGPRHla and H2c in 4-1-6 were confirmed by RT-PCR,Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The endocytosis function of the artificial "ASGPR" on the surface of 4-1-6 was tested by FACS. It was found that the cell line 4-1-6 could bind ASGPR natural ligand molecular asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR). After the eukaryotic plasmid H lb/pCDNA3.1 (neo)was transfected into cell line 4-1-6, Hlb did not down-regulate the ligand binding ability of ASGPR.The eukaryotic expression plasmid Hlb/pcDNA3.1 (neo) and H2c/pcDNA3.1 (neo) were co-transfected transiently into Hela cell. Neither single Hlb nor Hlb and H2c could bind ASOR. In conclusion, a functional cell line of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) which expresses both Hla and H2c stably was established. The new split variant Hlb has no effect on ASGPR binding to ASOR. ASGPRHlb alone can't bind to ASOR, it yet can't form functional complex with ASGPRH2c.