ABSTRACT
@#There are eight forms of vitamin E in human blood, including α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherols and α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocotrienols. As the most abundant and active form of vitamin E, α-tocopherol is widely accepted as a reliable indicator for nutritional assessment of body vitamin E status across the world. Considering that different vitamin E forms have diverse biological activities, separation and detection of different vitamin E forms in human blood facilitates the understanding of the association between vitamin E and diseases. In this review, the advances in sample-pretreatment techniques and detection techniques for vitamin E in human blood were presented. Currently, the sample-pretreatment techniques include solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, dispersive liquid-phase microextraction, supported liquid extraction and direct protein precipitation; the detection techniques include automatic biochemical analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry. This review summarizes the characteristics and scope of above-mentioned techniques used for detection of vitamin E in human blood, so as to provide insights into the selection of an appropriate method for inspection technicians.
ABSTRACT
Objective @#To explore the association of dietary niacin intake and metabolic syndrome ( MS ) and its components among adults in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the reference for dietary intervention of MS.@*Methods@#Using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method, the permanent residents aged 18 years and above were selected and investigated by a questionnaire developed by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Their waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose and lipid were measured. The daily dietary niacin intake of each person were calculated by "24-hour dietary review for 3 consecutive days", and divided into Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 groups according to quartiles. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of niacin intake with the risks of MS and its components. @*Results@#Among 2 438 participants, 871 cases with MS were detected, with a detection rate of 35.73%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with niacin intake Q1 group, Q2 ( OR=0.741, 95%CI: 0.561-0.978 ) and Q4 group ( OR=0.679, 95%CI: 0.487-0.947 ) had a lower risk of MS, Q2 ( OR=0.688, 95%CI: 0.516-0.919 ) and Q4 group ( OR=0.678, 95%CI: 0.479-0.960 ) had a lower risk of abdominal obesity, Q4 group ( OR=0.721, 95%CI: 0.536-0.969 ) had a lower risk of hyperglycemia. Further stratificating by gender, compared with niacin intake Q1 group, Q2 ( OR=0.664, 95%CI: 0.453-0.972 ) and Q3 group ( OR=0.646, 95%CI: 0.432-0.965 ) in women had a lower risk of MS, Q2 (OR=0.667, 95%CI: 0.460-0.967) and Q3 group ( OR=0.607, 95%CI: 0.408-0.902 ) had a lower risk of abdominal obesity; Q2 group ( OR=1.836, 95%CI: 1.202-2.805 ) in men had a higher risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.@*Conclusion@#Niacin intake is associated with an increased risk of MS, abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia.
ABSTRACT
Objective @#To optimize the primary prevention strategies of birth defects in Zhejiang Province by Delphi method, so as to promote the capacity of birth defects prevention. @*Methods@#The expert consultation questionnaire was developed based on the relevant policies of Zhejiang Province and literature. Ten experts from medical institutions and health administrative departments were employed for one round Delphi expert consultation. The weighted scores and priorities of ten measures for the primary prevention of birth defects in Zhejiang Province were determined, as well as the suggestions of optimizing the current policies. @*Results @# The response rate of the experts was 90.91%; the coefficient of authority was 0.92; the coefficients of variation of ten measures were all less than 0.25; the coefficient of coordination was 0.31 ( P<0.05 ) , which indicated the opinions of the experts tended to be consistent. In the order of priority, ten primary prevention measures of birth defects were the improvement of birth defects surveillance network ( province, city and county level ) , the training of birth defects prevention talents, the construction of genetic consultation clinics, health education and publicity, the reproduction outpatient service construction for older people, free premarital medical examination, free pre-pregnancy eugenics test, the construction of drug consultation clinics, career planning and training of birth defect prevention and control consultants and free folic acid supplement to the whole population. Nine experts suggested that the following policies need to be optimized: birth defects surveillance system, free premarital medical examination, and health education and publicity.@*Conclusion@#In the primary prevention of birth defects in Zhejiang Province, the most urgent problem to be solved is the improvement of the three-level birth defects surveillance network.