The effect of different flushing methods in a short peripheral catheter

Abstract Purpose To develop a rabbit model of a short peripheral catheter (SPC) and to observe the effects of different flushing methods on blood vessels. Methods Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (A, B, and C), with ten rabbits per group. In group A, we used pulsed flush; in group B, we used uniform flush; and no treatment was used in group C. Results We observed that a uniform flush reduced blockage, phlebitis, and exudation compared to a pulsed flush by visual observation. The histopathological examination found that the morphological changes in group A were more severe than in group B and C related to loss of venous endothelial cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, edema, epidermal and chondrocyte degeneration, except for the thrombosis on group B that was more serious than in group A, especially in the distal side of puncture points. The distal region of groups A and B had more inflammatory cell infiltration than the proximal region. Thrombosis was more severe in the distal region than in the proximal region in group B. Conclusions The uniform flush produced less damage to the vascular endothelium and surrounding tissues and was superior to the pulsed flush. However, the uniform flush is prone to thrombosis.

MLKL forms cation channels / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate how MLKL functions on the membrane and explore its electrophysiological characters and structure. METHODS The full-length human MLKL were expressed in SF21 cells and purified using glutathione-sepharose affinity chromatography. The currents of purified MLKL proteins were recorded in avoltage-clamp mode using a Warner BC-535 bilayer clamp amplifier. The currents were digitized using pCLAMP 10.2 software. HEK293 cells were cultured and transfected with MLKL plasmid. Cell viability was examined using the CellTiter- Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit. RESULT MLKL forms cation channels that are permeable preferentially to Mg2+ rather than Ca2+ in the presence of Na+ and K+. Moreover,each MLKL monomer contains five transmembrane helices:H1, H2, H3 , H5 and H6 of the N-terminal domain which is sufficient to form channels. Finally, MLKL-induced membrane depolarization and cell death exhibit a positive correlation to its channel activity.

Clinical features and early treatment effects in intermediate risk and poor risk acute myeloid leukemia with EVI1 positive / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the clinical biological characteristics of EVI1 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its effect on early chemotherapy.Methods:The clinical and biological characteristics of 33 AML patients with EVI1 positive were retrospectively analyzed in 361 AML patients who were diagnosed and treated in our institute from March 2015 to July 2016,and the clinical and biological features,and rates of the induced remission were compared between the intermediate risk and poor risk with EVI1 positive AML,moreover,the influential factors on complete remission (CR) were analyzed.The expression of EVI1/ABL was tested in 32 healthy donors to confirm the abnormal threshold of EVI1 expression.Results:The definition of EVI1 positive was that the quantitative expression of EVI1/ABL was more than 8.0％.The 33 AML patients with EVI1 positive were found in 361 newly diagnosed AML patients,in which the female and male patients were 17 and 16 respectively,the median age was 45 (18-67) years,with a median follow-up of 6.6 (0.7-13.2) months.Intermediate karyotype was found in 17 patients (including 9 patients with normal karyotypes,1 patient with + 8);unfavorable karyotype was found in 14 patients [including 7 patients with-7/7q-,4 patients with t (v;11q23),3 patients with inv (3)/t (3;3),and 2 patients without mitotic figures].The rate of CR in the first induction chemotherapy was 42.4％,and the rate of total CR was 60.6％.According to the NCCN,16 intermediate risk patients and poor risk patients were divided,without favorable risk patients.The rate of CR in the first induction chemotherapy were 68.8％ and 17.6％ (P =0.005) in the intermediate risk and poor risk respectively,that of total CR were 81.3％ and 41.2％ (P =0.032),and the rates of relapse were 7.7％ and 14.3％.Univariable analysis revealed that unfavorable karyotype could affect the rate of CR in the first reduction chemotherapy and that of total CR (P =0.004,0.029).The poor risk patients had higher mortality (41.2％ vs.6.3％,P =0.039) and lower overall survival (OS) (P =0.012).Conclusion:EVI1 may be not an independent prognostic factor for the AML patients considering the appearance in the intermediate and poor risk patients.It predicts poor outcome in the EVI1 positive AML patients who have unfavorable karyocytes,such as-7/7q-,t (v;11 q23),and inv (3)/t (3;3),and also a low rate of both CR in the first induction chemotherapy and total CR.It also has a low rate of long-term survival and high mortality in the AML patients with EVI1 positive,who may benefit from allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as soon as possible.

New EMA real-time fluorescence PCR method for detection of alive Listeria monocytogenes in foods / 中国人兽共患病学报

A new EMA real-time fluorescence PCR method was developed to detect alive Listeria monocytogenes in foods.The specific primers and probe were designed based on the conserved inlA gene.The pretreatment conditions including EMA of different concentrations and irradiating times were optimized.The detection limit and inhibition rate to dead bacteria of this method were confirmed by using direct plating method.The detection specificity was evaluated by using 35 L.monocytogenes strains,25 non-L.monocytogenes strains and 92 non-Listeria strains.Simulation detection experiments were performed on 15 beverage samples and 15 cooked meat samples supplemented separately with inactivated L.monocytogenes,alive L.monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.Results showed that the Ct of EMA real-time fluorescence PCR for alive L.monocytogenes was Ct=38.46-3.30 × log (R2=0.999).The detection limit was 55 cfu per reaction.Inhibition rate of DNA of inactivated strains was over 99.98％.The Ct of 35 L.monocytogenes strains were between 16.21 and 29.38,while 25 non-L.monocytogenes strains and 92 non-Listeria strains had Ct ＞35.The variation coefficient of CT was less than 5％ when the experiments were repeated.Results of 30 simulation samples were consistent with that by using standard method.The test time by using newly developed EMA real-time fluorescence PCR was shortened from 3-5 days to about 10 h.The newly developed EMA real-time fluorescence PCR method for alive L.monocytogenes is rapid,convenient,specific and sensitive and could be applyed in foods inspection.

Effects of DNA Methylation and Histone Modification on Differentiation-associated Gene Expression in ES, NIH3T3, and NIT-1 / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effects of epigenetic modification on the differentiation of islet cells and the expression of associated genes (Pdx-l,Pax4,MafA,and Nkx6.1,etc) were investigated.The promoter methylation status of islet differentiation-associated genes (Pdx-1,Pax4,MafA and Nkx6.1),Oct4 and MLH1 genes of mouse embryonic stem cells,NIH3T3 cells and NIT-1 cells were profiled by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation,real-time quantitative PCR (MeDIP-qPCR) techniques.The histone modification status of these genes promoter region in different cell types was also measured by using chromatin immunoprecipitation real-time quantitative PCR methods.The expression of these genes in these cells was detected by using real-time quantitative PCR.The relationship between the epigenetic modification (DNA methylation,H3 acetylation,H3K4m3 and H3K9m3) of these genes and their expression was analyzed.The results showed that:(1) the transcription-initiation-sites of Pdx-1,MafA and Nkx6.1 were highly methylated in NIH3T3 cells; (2) NIH3T3 cells showed a significantly higher level of DNA methylation modification in the transcription-initiation-site of Pdx-1,Pax4,MafA and Nkx6.1 genes than that in mES cells and NIT-1 cells (P＜0.05); (3) NIT-1 cells had a significantly higher level of H3K4m3 modification in the transcription-initiation-site of Pdx-1,Pax4,MafA and Nkx6.1 genes than that in mES cells and NIH3T3 cells (P＜0.05),with significantly increased level of gene expression; (4) NIH3T3 cell had a significantly higher level of H3K9m3 modification in the transcription-initiation-site of Pdx-1,Pax4,MafA and Nkx6.1 genes than that in mES cells and with NIT-1 cell (P＜0.05),with no detectable mRNA expression of these genes.It was concluded that histone modification (H3K4m3 and H3K9m3) and DNA methylation might have an intimate communication between each other in the differentiation process from embryonic stem cells into islet cells.

Bioinformatics analysis of the structure and function correlated to interferon sensitivity of HCV core protein / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and predict the structure and function correlated to interferon sensitivity of HCV Core protein in different genotypes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using different bioinformafics software respectively to comparatively analyze and predict the secondary structure, tertiary structure, modification site and main functional motifs of HCV Core protein.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were diversities in secondary structure and tertiary structure of different genotypes. HCV Core protein would exist some modification sites about amidation, cAMP, PKC, TYR, and interact with amphiphysin SH3 domain, ERK, PKC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Differences in structure and function of HCV Core protein of different genotypes affected interferon sensitivity.</p>

The velocity of HCV subtype 6a transmission in southwest China / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the velocity of HCV subtype 6a transmission in Southwest China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The HCV CE1 region from 61 patients infected with HCV genotype 6 were amplificated by RT-PCR and sequenced. The subtypes were identified, and the period of HCV 6a strains originated in southwest china was estimated by using molecular clock phylogenetic analysis. The velocity of HCV subtype 6a transmission in southwest China was estimated by BEAST v1.6.1 and Tracer v1.5 software theoretically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most of HCV 6a strains distributed in Southwest China origine around the year 1968 and at last 4 epidemic strains existed. The earlier origine strains could be isolated both in intravenous drug users (IDU) and non-IDU patients. After 1997, the HCV 6a strains transmission in southwest China accelerated and the trend intensified in 2007.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HCV 6a strains spread fastly both in IDU and non-IDU patients, which might be the main HCV subtype distributed in Southwest China in the future.</p>

Sigmoid Colon Cancer with Metastasis to the Right Spermatic Cord

Metastatic tumors involving the spermatic cord are very rare, and the prognosis for such patients is poor. The primary tumors that are frequently metastatic to the spermatic cord are gastric and colon carcinomas. We report a case of a 35-year-old male with a metastatic spermatic cord tumor following a palliative anterior resection for sigmoid colon cancer with peritoneal seeding. The patient complained of a tender mass in a right inguinal lesion. A right orchiectomy was performed, and the pathologic finding was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma similar to that of the sigmoid colon cancer.

Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy: Results and Oncological Outcome / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Purpose: A laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is known to cause less morbidity than a traditional open radical nephrectomy. In our institution, the laparoscopic approach, with intact specimen removal, has become the standard technique for radical nephrectomies. Herein, we report the results and oncological outcome of the experience of a single center. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 68 transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomies, performed for suspected renal cell carcinoma between December 1999 and June 2006. All data were collected from the patient's medical records. Results: The mean tumor size, surgical time and estimated blood loss were 4.82cm (1.7-14), 228.5 min (120-480) and 409.1cc (32-1,312), respectively. Conversion to open surgery was required in one case due to Endo-GIA malfunction, and conversion to hand-assisted surgery was performed in one case. The histological findings were pT1, pT2 and pT3 in 40 (59.7%), 9 (13.4%) and 18 patients (26.9%), respectively. In one case, the histology confirmed a non-malignant disease. The follow-up period was from 3 to 80 months (median 18). Distant metastasis was observed in 2 cases, but there was no local recurrence or port metastasis. Conclusions: A laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is a safe and feasible treatment for localized renal cell carcinomas. Longer follow-up and large scale studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term survival and disease- free rates, and confirm the effectiveness of performing a radical laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Effectiveness of Endoscopic Management in Recurrent Hematospermia / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of endoscopic management for recurrent hematospermia, we performed transurethral endoscopy of the seminal vesicles in patients with recurrent hematospermia, despite the administration of oral medication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients were enrolled this study. Initially, all patients were treated with oral antibiotics for 6-8 weeks. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and/or MRI were performed to find the anatomic abnormality and its relation with pelvic organs. The mean patient age and duration of symptoms were 43.9 years (range 24-64 years) and 21.3 months (range 1-108), respectively. We used a 6.5Fr. rigid ureteroscope and/or 14Fr. endoureterotomy instruments for the seminal vesiculoscopic examination. Patients were followed for more than 12 months after the procedures. RESULTS: An endoscopic seminal vesicle examination was able to be successfully performed in all patients. A midline cyst was found at 10 cases, which were fulgurated. Endoscopic incisions or dilation of the ejaculatory duct were performed in all patients. An ejaculatory duct stone was found at 5 cases, and removed endoscopically. All patients reported improvement of hematospermia after the procedure, and 3 with perineal discomfort became symptom free. Postoperative complications, such as epididymitis, orchitis and ejaculatory abnormalities, were not observed in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral endoscopic interventions of the seminal vesicles can be performed easily with a conventional 6.5Fr. rigid ureteroscope and/or 14Fr. endoureterotomy instruments. Transurethral endoscopic managements were effective and safe treatment options in recurrent hematospermia patients.