Comparative study on the effects of a steroidal and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs on blood picture and biochemical factors of sheep

In this study, 10 sheep from Shiraz Veterinary School Animal Husbandary Unit were used. Animal's body weight ranged from 40 to 63 Kgs and their age was from 2-4 years old. Before the start of experiment, three blood samples were taken from the jugular vein. These animals were divided into two groups of 5 animals each. Group I was control and group II as experimental one. In experimental group non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug [phenylbutazone] was injected intramusculary for 5 days [4.4 mg/kg]. Blood samples were collected every day for 12 days and blood parameters were determined. Following 2 months rest, the same experiment was repeated with a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [isoflupredone acetate]. The drug was given [0.1 mg/kg] intramuscularly [IM]. All samples were analysed and the results were compared statistically. In phenylbutazone group WBC increased 12.5%, Hb 1.4%, MCHC 0.4% and cholesterol 10.5%, significantly [p<0.05]. In contrast, BUN decreased 1.3%, calcium 1.6%, inorganic phosphate 7.1%, sodium 2% and potassium 22.7%, significantly [p<0.05]. In isoflupredone acetate group W.B.C. increased 19.6%, neutrophil 17.9%, cholesterol 45.6%, calcium 45.8%, inorganic phosphate 11.9% and sodium 0.6%, significantly [p<0.05]. In contrast, monocytes decreased 34.3%, eosinophils 68.2%, lymphocytes 14.3%, total protein 4%, BUN 22.9% and potassium 6.6%, significantly [p<0.05]

Urinary enzyme concentrations and urinalysis in healthy horses

The tubules of the kidneys are metabolically very active being responsible for the absorption or excretion of a wide range of substances. The transport of these compounds is facilitated by a variety of enzymes which can generally be found in large amounts in tubular cells. The regular turnover of these cells results in the presence of their enzymes in urine [enzymuria]. Measurement of the changes in the content of these enzymes in urine can be a good aid in detection of early kidney diseases. In this study the normal values of the following enzymes ALP [alkaline phosphatase] AST [aspartate aminotransfrase] ALT [Alanine amino transfrase] and creatinine in Iranian crossbreed horses were measured, the subjects were divided into two groups of males and females. The sex of the horses did not influence urinary enzymes activity [p>0.05]. Normal values of ALP, AST, ALT were found to be 3.99 +/- 1.23 Iu/L, 4.34 +/- 1.17 Iu/L 1.78 +/- 0.54 Iu/L respectively and creatinine was 3.70 +/- 0.69 g/L in males and 1.46 +/- 0.17 g/L in females

[ effects of halothane on serum biochemical parameters of sheep and calves]

For determination of the effects of halothane on the serum biochemical parameters, five healthy, non - pregnant fat tailed Iranian sheep with the age of 1-3 years, weighing 35-55 kg and four healthy mixed breed calves [3 females, one male] aged 2-4 months weighting 30-60 kg, all kept under the same condition, were used. Feed, but not water was withheld before anesthesia. In each case, animal was placed on padded table on the right lateral recumbency and halothane in O

anesthesia was induced by mask. After orotracheal intubation and appropriate animal preparation, anesthesia was maintained for 2 hours. Physiological reflexes [Palpebral. corneal, pedal and swallowing] were checked during anesthesia. This study was performed in the absence of anesthetic modifying factors such as adjuvant drugs or surgical stress. Control blood samples were taken from the jugular vein before and following induction. Then, samples were collected 1 and 2 hours as well as 1 and 7 days later. The biochemical tests were carried out for quantitative analysis of bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, CPK, glucose, cholesterol, BUN, sodium and potassium. Liver biopsies were taken 14-30 days after anesthesia. Results showed an increase in AST and ALT activities during and one day after anesthesia, returning to baseline values 7 days after exposure to halothane. CPK and ALP activities increased during anesthesia. No significant alterations in other parameters were observed. No significant pathological changes were observed in microscopic examinations of sheep livers. Only one of the calves liver showed a moderate glycogen depletion

[ study of CSF and serum proteins in sheep by electrophoresis]

Experiments were carried out on 19 males [rams] and 25 females sheep in different ages. CSF samples were taken from the cisterna magna region and concentraled by lyophlyzation method and then tested by electrophoresis. Blood samples were also obtained from the jagular vein and the serum were collected. The results indicated that the concentration of proteins in the CSF was lower than serum proteins, the maximum value and percent of total proteins in the CSF was due to albumin, so the other fractions were in a lower level. No special correlations were observed between total proteins of serum and the CSF and other fractions of proteins, and significant difference was not observed between male and female sheep at different ages