ABSTRACT
To assess the effect of face-to-face education on anxiety and pain in children withminor extremity injuries undergoing outpatient suturing. Methods: Children in interventionand control groups received face-to-face education (10 minutes) and no specific education,respectively. The anxiety and pain was measured using Modified-Yale Preoperative AnxietyScale, and pain by Faces Pain Scale–Revised, respectively in 3 stages viz, pre-procedureand pre-intervention, post-procedure. Results: Children in the intervention group were lessanxious than the control at pre-procedure and post-intervention stage (41.1 (13.8) vs. 46.3(19.1), respectively, P=0.03) and post-procedure and post-intervention stage (32.3 (17.2) vs.40.2 (12.9), respectively, P=0.01). Children in the intervention group experienced less painthan the control at pre-procedure and post-intervention stage (3.9 (3.8) vs. 4.9 (3.1),respectively, P<0.001) and post-procedure and post-intervention stage (3.1 (1.2) vs. 4.0 (2.1),respectively, P=0.001). Conclusions: Face-to-face education could reduce anxiety and painin children undergoing suturing in the emergency department
ABSTRACT
Social support is a complex and multifaceted construct. Thus, It is important that a given social support scale be theoretically grounded and its purview clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, validity and factor structure of the Iranian version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support [MSPSS]. The sample study included 176 consecutive myocardial infarction [MI] patients admitted to the coronary care unit [CCU] ward of nine hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, and 71 consecutive subjects from the general population. They all filled out the final Iranian version of the MSPSS and also 71 participants filled out the MSPSS twice over a 2 month period. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Pearson's correlation coefficient correlation were used to analyze data. Factor analysis of the scores of the patient and healthy samples yielded a three factor structure, including family, friends and significant others. The percentage of variance explained by the three factors in the patient sample and healthy sample were 77.87% and 78.55%, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient has been found to be 0.84 for the scale and 0.90, 0.93 and 0.85, respectively, for the friends, significant others and family subscales from the patient sample, and 0.92 for the scale and 0.89, 0.92 and 0.87, respectively, for the friends, significant others and family subscales from the healthy sample. Test-retest stability over a 2 month period yielded 0.84 for the scale and 0.73, 0.78 and 0.84, respectively, for the friends, significant others and family subscales from the healthy sample. The findings proved the three factor structure of the Iranian version of the MSPSS and indicated that the Iranian version of the MSPSS is a reliable, valid and acceptable measure of perceived social support.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychometrics , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Reproducibility of Results , Social PerceptionABSTRACT
Patients with tinnitus encounter many problems, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, increased sensitivity to sound, and negativity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hypnotherapy on the depression, anxiety, and insomnia caused by tinnitus. This study was a pilot research with a pretest-posttest and control design. The statistical population included individuals who suffered from tinnitus and its associated symptoms. Twenty patients with tinnitus were selected through available sampling. The subjects were divided randomly into two experimental and control groups. Both groups completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in both pretest and post-test phases. Only the experimental group received 10 sessions of hypnotherapy. In this study, independent and dependent t-tests were used to obtain the data. The two groups were similar in terms of tinnitus severity and age range. The results of independent and dependent t-tests at p=0.05 level in all three variables of depression, anxiety, and insomnia showed a significant difference between the scores of pretest and post-test as well as the post-test scores of control and experimental groups. The results indicated the effectiveness and usefulness of hypnotherapy in the reduction and treatment of the depression, anxiety, and insomnia caused by tinnitus in the experimental group.
ABSTRACT
Infertility is a major painful emotional distress that is manifested in the form of psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression and reduction of normal sexual function in affected couples. The purpose of this study was to compare anxiety, depression and life satisfaction between fertile and infertile women admitted to Vali-e-Asr Infertility Clinic in Tehran in 2009. This descriptive study included 60 participants, being composed of 30 infertile and 30 fertile women. The demographic data including marital status, infertility duration, age and occupation were recorded. Zung's self-rating Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] were used for evaluating anxiety and depression, respectively. The Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness [ENRICH] questionnaire was also used for evaluating the participants' life satisfaction. Anxiety and depression were significantly higher in infertile compared to fertile women [p < 0.05] but life satisfaction was not much different in the two groups. In both groups, anxiety and depression did not relate with age or infertility duration but life satisfaction grew more in infertile women than fertile women by age and marriage duration. In the two groups, anxiety, depression and sex satisfaction did not relate with education but infertility duration was affected by sexual satisfaction despite having no significant relationship with anxiety or depression. Moreover, depression and sexual dissatisfaction in infertile housekeeper women was more prevalent than infertile employed women but anxiety had no relationship with their occupational status. Infertile women need psychiatric care. Considering the results of this study, suggestions addressing the improvement of psychological health of infertile women through supportive measures seem to be of value
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to compare irrational beliefs, defense mechanisms and marital satisfaction in fertile and infertile women. This study was a causal comparative survey performed on 30 fertile and 30 infertile women chosen by available and simple random sampling out of the whole clients referred to Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center from February 2009 to September 2009. The instruments of measurement included 3 questionnaires: Jones irrational beliefs, defense mechanisms and ENRICH marital satisfaction which were performed on samples. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software. The scale of subtests of Jones irrational beliefs, defense mechanisms and marital satisfaction were significantly different in fertile and infertile women. The results of this study showed that infertile women use irrational beliefs and defense mechanisms more than fertile women and their marital satisfaction is less than fertile women
ABSTRACT
Internet addiction points to kind of behavior dependency which person applies it confront with problems. The personality traits are consistent trait in length of time that unchanged in one situation to another situation. Researches showed that personality traits have important effect on internet addiction therefore this research had designed to explore this relationship in adolescents in Tehran. Sample of the study that has done in spring 2008, include 361 high school students that chosen by cluster sampling method and evaluated by Young internet addiction [20 questions] and NEO PI - R questionnaires. Students were empowered to response in this research and their information was saving confidentially. The statistic manner that used in this research includes Pearson's correlation coefficient and step by step regression analysis. Results of the research indicated that relationship between neuroticism and internet addiction in female adolescents [P<0.01, r=0.4] and both males and females [all] was significant [P<0.01, r=0.25]. Relationship between agreeableness [P<0.05, r=0.17] and conscientiousness [P<0.05, r=0.17[with internet addiction in males reached statistical significance, too. Internet addiction has relationship with some personality traits in adolescents such as neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness