Management of acute vision loss

Acute visual loss is a mutual complaint with variable presentations amid patients of different ages. The degree of difference diagnoses of vision loss is immense. Generally, monocular vision loss regularly specifies an ocular problem. Binocular vision loss is commonly cerebral in origin. Monocular vision loss can respect the horizontal midline. Binocular vision loss can respect the vertical midline. Many diverse causes of sudden visual loss are recognized; though, the most common cause for painless visual loss is ischemia. Vision loss with positive scotoma may be seen with migraine. Vision loss with a negative scotoma may be seen with amaurosis fugax. Ischemia, often via mechanical obstruction, can affect any aspect of the visual system. Those who develop ischemia of the eye often have other evidence of atherosclerotic disease, such as coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease, which increases their susceptibility to ischemic events in other parts of the body. Risk factors include smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension

Glycogen storage disease in pediatric population

Introduction: The pathway of glycogen metabolism is regulated by many hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. Glycogen storage diseases [GSD] most commonly affect muscles, liver, or both and occur in each 20000 to 43000 live birth. They are classified into 12 subtypes, but types I, II, and IX are the most common

Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, from January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: glycogen storage diseases, Von Gierke disease, Pompe's disease, Cori Disease, Forbes disease, Andersen's disease, McArdle disease, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hepatomegaly

Aim: In this review, we aim to study the genetic basis, diagnosis, presentation, and different management approach to various common types of glycogen storage diseases prevalent in pediatric population

Conclusion: There are no cures for any type of glycogen storage diseases presently. Most treatments are designed to control signs and symptoms. The overall goals are primarily avoiding hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. Liver transplantation should be deliberated for patients with GSD type IV and for other progressive hepatic types of GSDs in order to avoid hepatic failure or malignancy. More research must be carried out to develop newer and more effective ways of management

Pattern of thyroid diseases in Arar city, northern Saudi Arabia

Background: Thyroid hormone acts as a vital factor of development and growth, and in adults plays a critical part in the regulation of the function and metabolism of virtually every organ system

Study objective: The objective of this study was to identify the pattern of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia and some related socio-demographic determinants

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used. A pre-designed online questionnaire was distributed among the targeted population and filled by participants after a brief introduction or explanation of the idea of the research to the public. Sampled participants filled out the self-reported predesigned questionnaire to collect socioeconomic and thyroid diseases related data

Results: The study included 160 participants. The total prevalence of thyroid diseases was 36[22.5%]. Of the 36 reported cases of thyroid diseases, 11[30.5%] were reported as having hyperthyroidism and 25[69.5%] were having hypothyroidism. Of the 11 patients with hyperthyroidism9 [81.8%] were males and 2[18.2%] were females. Of the 25 patients with hypothyroidism, 4[16.0%] were males and 21[84.0%] were females

Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is the prevalent form of thyroid diseases in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia, females: male ratio was about 1:5. Knowledge of various factors influencing thyroid dysfunction can help the public to guard against these prevalent diseases. More studies should be carried out in Arar city to stress on the individual thyroid disorder. The studies should be community based with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of cases

Glycogen storage disease in pediatric population

Introduction: The pathway of glycogen metabolism is regulated by many hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. Glycogen storage diseases [GSD] most commonly affect muscles, liver, or both and occur in each 20000 to 43000 live birth. They are classified into 12 subtypes, but types I, II, and IX are the most common

Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, from January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: glycogen storage diseases, Von Gierke disease, Pompe's disease, Cori Disease, Forbes disease, Andersen's disease, McArdle disease, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hepatomegaly

Aim: In this review, we aim to study the genetic basis, diagnosis, presentation, and different management approach to various common types of glycogen storage diseases prevalent in pediatric population

Conclusion: There are no cures for any type of glycogen storage diseases presently. Most treatments are designed to control signs and symptoms. The overall goals are primarily avoiding hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. Liver transplantation should be deliberated for patients with GSD type IV and for other progressive hepatic types of GSDs in order to avoid hepatic failure or malignancy. More research must be carried out to develop newer and more effective ways of management

prevalence of middle ear disease in the adult population

Background: otitis media [OM] also known as middle ear disease is an inflammation of the middle ear cleft, where infection leads to the effusion of fluids into the middle ear. In developing countries, otitis media is the main cause of hearing impairment. There are several factors that enhance the presence of otitis media, including genetic, environmental and demographic

Aim of the study: this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of otitis media in adults

Methods: this study included 117 participants and it based on an online survey, the survey was divided into two parts. The data were collected in excel sheet and analyzed by SPSS

Results: the prevalence rate of OM was 40.2%, there were significance differences between health individuals and OM patients regarding chronic diseases [P value=0.01] and allergy [P value=0.001]

Conclusion: the prevalence of OM was low, chronic disease and allergy was risk factors for OM

Ultrasound and computed tomography in abdominal and pelvic diagnoses

Introduction: the major imaging modalities used in diagnosis of pelvic and abdominal conditions ranged from X-ray, ultrasonography, computed tomography and many more. In each different kind of disorder; a different modality is preferred based on the nature of disease, the patient and the hospital where the management is provided. Some conditions require more than one source of imaging

Aim of the work: this study aimed to discuss various abdominal and pelvic pathologies separately to explore the preferred type of imaging modality

Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1994 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: ultrasound versus CT, acute abdomen imaging, abdominal radiology and pelvic pain diagnosis

Conclusion: various disorders and conditions required different modality of imaging and a health care provider must be well informed of the benefits and risks and be able to weigh in order to make use of the most appropriate imaging technique