ABSTRACT
Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the connective tissue surrounding the teeth leading to tooth loss. Pathogens associated with periodontitis interact with Toll-like receptors [TLRs] to induce cytokines causing and aggravating disease. Members of TLR family recognize conserved microbial structures, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides[LPS], and activate signaling pathways that result in immune responses against microbial infections
The aim of the present study was to determine the level of tissue expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in healthy gingiva, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis and find out their role in these different infections
Subjects and Methods: 28 subjects between the ages of 25-45 were recruited. All subjects were able and willing to participate in the study and gave their informed consent to study participation 28 Gingival tissue specimens were obtained from 28 subjects during periodontal surgical therapy who were divided into three groups: Group 1: Ten patients suffering from chronic gingivitis. Group 2: Ten patients suffering from chronic periodontitis. Group 3: Eight control samples from healthy individuals who haveundergone orthodontic treatment. Gingival tissues were collected on phosphate buffered saline. Total RNA isolation was done, then cDNA synthesis and PCR were done in a single step using Prime RT- PCR Premix. Data are presented as mean +/- standard deviation. Comparison between groups was done using students [t] test
Results: The present study showed that both TLR 2 and 4 were expressed in controls, and that the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 were statistically significantly elevated in tissue samples from patients with chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis compared to controls. TLR-2 expression in controls and chronic gingivitis patients was increased compared to TLR-4 but the increase was not statistically significant. Whereas, TLR-4 was statistically significantly increased in chronic periodontitis compared to TLR-2. Also, TLR-4 was statistically significantly increased in chronic periodontitis compared to chronic gingivitis
Conclusion: It could be concluded that TLR 2 and 4 have a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases however the present study is only a step that needs further studies to fully understand the expression of TLRs in different stages of gingivitis and periodontitis
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate casein derivatives coupled with calcium phosphate [CD-CP] as a mouth moistener and its effect on the oral hygiene status in a group of young patients with severe xerostomia. A randomized control trial design was used. Participants had had radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Baseline data collection was followed by re-examination one month later. A total of 60 patients. 30 in the CD-CP group and 30 used their usual moistening strategies. The baseline characteristics of the two groups did not differ. Patients used Topacal C-5 [CD-CP] and the responses to here compared with the responses to their other mouth moistening strategies. The outcome indicated that Topacal C-5, when used as a mouth moistening and lubricant provided satisfactory results moreover, it has enhanced the oral hygiene status as well as the gingival health status through reduction of plaque, papillary bleeding, and gingival indices