ABSTRACT
Invasive cardiology procedures provide great diagnostic and therapeutic benefit to patients but also subject them to considerable radiation exposure. CLEAR stent Live is the unique real time stent enhancement and gives a clear display of the undeployed stent. Aims & Objectives: To compare the radiation exposure in patients requiring single stent having single vessel coronary artery disease With & Without CLEAR stent and CLEAR stent Live Technology. Methods: It was a non-randomized study and included 246 patients. Group A included 123 patients who underwent Single vessel stenting using Clear stent technology as compared to group B who underwent stenting with conventional flouroscopic imaging. Radiation exposure between the two groups was compared. Results: The mean age of patients in Group A was 57.3±11.87 years while as in Group B it was 58.6±10.72 years (p=0.368). Majority of patients were males [(89(72.4%) vs 94(76.4%) (p=0.46) Group A vs B respectively] in both groups. The fluoro time in Group A was 10.6 minutes vs Group B = 11.2 minutes(p=0.15) The difference in procedure time between two groups(37.8 vs 35.9 min ,Group A vs Group B p=0.2) was statistically insignificant.The number of cine shots was significantly less in Group A as compared with Group B( 26.9 vs 30.1( Group A vs Group B) (p<0.002 ). The mean radiation exposure (mGy) in GroupA was significantly less as compared to Group B(581.7 ±293.6 vs 658.4 ±287.1 p= 0.039). The benefit of less radiation of Clear Stent technology was consistent across all vessels. Conclusion: The present study suggests that in selected patients, compared with conventional X-ray fluoroscopy imaging, the use of live clear stent technology can be performed with less radiation dose to patient.
ABSTRACT
Iron deficiency anemia [IDA] during pregnancy, although associated with disturbances of hematological parameters, is now also considered as a source of oxidative stress [OS]. Present study aims to detect any alteration in superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px] enzymes activity in pregnant women with IDA. Levels of GSH-Px and SOD were measured in 156 anemic, pregnant women and compared with similar levels in 20 non anemic, pregnant women. Activity of SOD was found to be reduced in the anemic group when compared with the control group. We found a non- significant increase in GSH-Px activities in the anemic group. These findings could be explained in terms of OS under hypoxic condition which preserves the activity of GSH-Px with a decrease activity of SOD. A positive association was seen between IDA during pregnancy and OS with results suggesting that, apart from the deficiency of iron, some other factors are also associated for the increased OS seen during pregnancy