The evolution of approach in the resuscitation of neonates born with meconium-stained amniotic fluid: a tale of two countries, China and U.S.A., in the past 60 years / 中国当代儿科杂志

Neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) may develop complications including meconium aspiration syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn and death. The approach to the resuscitation of these neonates has significantly evolved for the past few decades. Initially, under direct visualization technique, neonates with MSAF were commonly suctioned below the vocal cords soon after delivery. Since 2015, Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP®) of the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended against "routine" endotracheal suctioning of non-vigorous neonates with MSAF but favored immediate resuscitation with positive pressure ventilation via face-mask bagging. However, the China neonatal resuscitation 2021 guidelines continue to recommend routine endotracheal suctioning of non-vigorous neonates born with MSAF at birth. This review article discusses the differences and the rationales in the approach in the resuscitation of neonates with MSAF between Chinese and American NRP® guidelines over the past 60 years.

The role of 14-3-3σ and TPD52L1 in HaCaT cells treated with low dose ultraviolet B / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of 14-3-3σ and TPD52L1 in apoptosis,proliferation and cell cycle in HaCaT cells treated with low dose ultraviolet B( UVB). METHODS: i) HaCaT cells in logarithmic growth phase were exposed to UVB irradiation( cumulative exposure dose was 2. 97 ×10~(-2)J /cm~2) and were harvested after culture for 6-48 hours.HaCaT cells with no UVB irradiation were set as the control( pseudo-irradiation). The apoptosis of cells was detected by flow cytometry. The cells were divided into the control group and the UVB group exposed to UVB irradiation. They were harvested after being cultured for 0-72 hours,and monotetrazolium assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of cells.ii) HaCaT cells were randomly divided into control group( given pseudo-irradiation) and UVB group. Cells were cultured for 0-24 hours and then harvested. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of G2 / M phase of cells. iii) After HaCaT cells were exposed to low dose of UVB irradiation and cultured for 3-24 or 3-30 hours,they were harvested. In addition,the control was treated with pseudo-irradiation. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA relative expression levels of 14-3-3σ and TPD52L1. The Western blotting was used to detect the protein relative expression of 14-3-3σ and TPD52L1 in cells. RESULTS: i) With 24 hours after UVB irradiation as the cell cycle observation time,the apoptosis of HaCaT cells reached to the maximum value and the proliferation ability to the minimum value( P < 0. 05). ii) After irradiation,the proportion of G2 / M phase in the control group showed a periodic change that it maintained at the highest levels after 6-12 hours of exposure to pseudo-irradiation,and at the time point of 18 hours it was decreased to the lowest value,the proportion of G2 / M phase in the UVB group was higher than that in control group at time points of 6,12 and 18 hours after irradiation( P < 0. 05),and sustained at the highest value,which resulted in significant G2 / M phase block. iii) After UVB treatment,the relative expression of mRNA and protein of 14-3-3σ first increased and then decreased. The relative expression level of mRNA of 14-3-3σ reached the highest level in 3 hours after irradiation( P < 0. 05),and maintained at the peak level at time points of 3-12 hours( P < 0. 05),and then gradually decreased until it returned to normal level 24 hours after irradiation; the relative expression of 14-3-3σ protein began to rise at time point of 6 hours after irradiation( P < 0. 05),and reached the peak value at time point of 18 hours( P < 0. 05),and then gradually decreased,but it did not recover to normal level after irradiation for 30 hours. The relative expression of mRNA of TPD52L1 first decreased and then increased. It reached the lowest level in 12 hours after irradiation( P <0. 05),and then increased gradually and reached the peak value after 24 hours( P < 0. 05). The relative expression of TPD52L1 protein first increased and then decreased. It got to the peak 24 hours after irradiation( P < 0. 05),and 30 hours after irradiation it returned to normal level( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: 14-3-3σ and TPD52L1 might jointly play an important role in cell apoptosis,proliferation and G2 / M phase block in HaCaT cells induced by low dose UVB irradiation.

Overview of current researches on Tibetan medicine "zuotai" / 中国中药杂志

"Zuotai" is one of the main raw material of many rare Tibetan medicine, and it plays a important role in the system of Tibetan medicine. There are some toxic heavy metals in "Zuotai", such as Hg, Au, Pb and so on. As a result, it's urgent to study the safety and effectiveness of "Zuotai" in depth. This paper will analyze and induce the resent progress of the study about "Zuotai". With constipation, "Zuotai" and "Zuotai" as key words, CNKI, CHINAINFO, CQVIP were retrieved, Springer were retrieved besides. Relevant 86 references were obtained. Twenty-two for reference were adopted through screening. The paper reviewed the resent progress of the study about "Zuotai" in chemical composition, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, toxicology and clinical application. This will establish the basis for further study.

Study on the prevalence of Tourette syndrome in children and juveniles aged 7-16 years in Wenzhou area / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevalence and distribution of Tourette syndrome (TS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine thousand, seven hundred and forty-two children and juveniles aged 7 - 16 years in Wenzhou were studied, using cluster random sampling method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of TS among school-age children was estimated to be 0.43% (0.74% for males and 0.07% for females). The prevalence of male children and juveniles was higher than that of female children and juveniles (chi(2) = 25.09, P < 0.001, prevalence ratio = 10.95, prevalence ratio 95% CI: 3.38 - 35.46). The highest prevalence of TS was between 9 - 10 years old. The mean age at onset of TS was 7.7 +/- 2.7 years, with 45.2% of them among 6 - 7 year olds. The rate of delayed diagnosis and rates of misdiagnosis and misclassification of the syndromes were 78.6%, 42.9% and 23.8%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tourette syndrome had been a common disease of children and juveniles in Wenzhou area. The disease was correlated with age and sex, often misdiagnosed and misclassified. Physicians and as well as general publics should be trained to identify the cases.</p>

Study on the prevalence of tic disorders in schoolchildren aged 7-16 years old in Wenzhou / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the epidemiological features of tic disorders (TD) among schoolchildren in Wenzhou area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stratified cluster sampling was carried out to investigate TD in 9742 schoolchildren aged 7 to 16 years old in Wenzhou.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average prevalence rate of TD among school-age children was 104/10 000 (166/10 000 for males, 29/10 000 for females). There was a significantly higher prevalence rate for males than that for females (chi(2) = 43.96, P < 0.001, prevalence ratio = 5.7, prevalence ratio 95% CI: 3.20 - 10.30). The prevalence rates of clinical subtypes in males was significantly higher than that of females while pupils was significantly higher than that in high school students (chi(2) = 11.33, P < 0.01, prevalence ratio = 2.2, prevalence ratio 95% CI: 1.37 - 3.43). Prevalence rate of transient tic disorders (TTD), chronic motor vocal tic disorder (CMVTD), tourette syndrome (TS) were 34/10 000, 27/10 000 and 43/10 000 respectively with the highest among 9-10 years old group. The mean onset age of TD was 8.5 +/- 2.8 years. The peak of onset was among 6-10 year olds. The rate of delayed diagnosis of the disorders was 69.3% and the median in delayed diagnosis was 1.0 year.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TD is a common disease with high rate of misdiagnoses among schoolchildren in Wenzhou area. Physicians and population should be trained to identify the syndromes and to practice correct diagnosis and effective treatment as early as possible.</p>

Effect of methylprednisolone on reperfusion injury in severe uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of methylprednisolone (MP) on reperfusion injury in severe uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and explore the possible mechanism involved.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve dogs were randomly divided into two groups, control group (Group I, n=6) and MP group (Group II, n=6). The animals were bled continuously from a femoral artery catheter to produce uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock models. Resuscitation with lactated Ringer's (LR) solution was initiated when mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased to 20 mm Hg, and MAP was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg. MP (4 mg/kg) was injected intravenously in Group II when resuscitation began. While in Group I, normal saline (NS) was injected instead. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before exsanguination (T(1)), when MAP decreased to 20 mm Hg (T(2)), 60 min (T(3)) and 120 min (T(4)) after resuscitation. Heart rate, MAP and cardiac output (CO) levels were recorded concomitantly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Infusion volume and hemorrhage volume shed from the superior mesenteric artery in Group I were higher than those in Group II (P<0.01 and P<0.05). After reperfusion, blood SOD levels decreased progressively and MDA levels increased rapidly in Group I. In Group II, blood SOD levels at T(3) and T(4) decreased as compared with that at T(1) but a stepwise increase was present. At T(4), blood SOD level was significantly higher in Group II than in Group I (Plt;0.01). At T(3) and T(4), MDA levels were markedly lower in Group II than in Group I. During reperfusion, MAP was more steady in Group II than in Group I and survival rate after 120 min (at T(4)) was higher in Group II than in Group I (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MP has a protective effect on severe uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and subsequent reperfusion injury. The mechanism mainly involves the anti-lipid peroxidation activity of MP.</p>