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Objective To increase the awareness of malaria prevention and control among people going abroad and returners, so as to prevent the local retransmission of oversea imported malaria. Methods Health education interventions for malaria control were given to people going abroad and returners in communities, and the changes of malaria prevention and control knowledge and medical-seeking behaviors were observed among the target populations. Results There were 367 people going abroad and oversea returners from malaria-endemic areas in Zhangjiagang City from July 2018 to December 2019, and 18 imported malaria cases were found. Following the implementation of community health education, the awareness of malaria prevention and control knowledge increased significantly from 35.09% to 93.08% among the target populations (χ2 = 78.130, P < 0.01), and the proportions of carrying anti-malarial drugs and administration of anti-malarial drugs for emergency treatment increased from 12.14% and 11.46% to 26.79% and 26.79% (χ2 = 8.793 and 9.834, P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the mean duration from malaria onset to the definitive diagnosis reduced from (5.86 ± 4.45) days to (3.11 ± 1.28) days (U = 64.000, P < 0.05). Conclusion Community health education based on the precision community administration is an effective approach for malaria control in current era.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with vacuum assisted venous drainage(VAVD)in the management of newborns with congenital heart diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total 15 newborns with congenital heart diseases (11 males and 4 females)underwent heart operations. Their age ranged from 2 days to 28 days [mean:(15.67 ± 2.22)days], and their body weight from 2.3 kg to 4.8 kg [mean: (3.75 ± 0.19)kg]. Sternal median incision was made to establish CPB,during which VAVD was applied for all the newborns.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In these 15 newborns,the mean CPB time was from 50 minutes to 343 minutes [mean:(170.3 ± 26.6)minutes], and the mean aortic clamping time ranged from 20 minutes to 172 minutes [mean:(85.8 ± 14.6)minutes]. No macroscopic hematuria, inadequate drainage, or cannulation vena cava difficulty was observed during the procedures. All the newborns were successfully weaned from the machine. No neurological complication due to micro air embolus caused by negative pressure was noted. No vena cava infarction, thrombosis, or other complication was reported after the surgery, although one patient died after the surgery and another patient was discharged upon its family's own decision.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VAVD is a safe, simple, and cost-effective technique. Appropriate negative pressure can the resistance during thinner venous intubation and thus speed up blood drainage,provide adequate perfusion flow,and reduce the pre-filling volume.</p>
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Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Drainage , Vacuum , VeinsABSTRACT
@#Objective To evaluate the effect of different types of tube feeding on swallowing function of stroke patients. Methods 60 patients with dysphagia post stroke were divided into observation group and control group with 30 cases in each group. The control group received indwelling nasogastric tube feeding, and the observation group received intermittent nasogastric tube feeding. They were assessed with Kubota Water Swallow Test (WST) and VGF on the 1st day and 30th day after admission. Results The scores of drinking test and VGF were better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05) on the 30th day. Conclusion Long-term nasogatric tube feeding is effective on dysphagia in stroke patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Yersinia enterocolitica is an extracellular pathogen and its related antigens interact with the host immune system. We investigated the difference in immunological characteristics between a highly pathogenic and poorly pathogenic strain of Y. enterocolitica.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used SDS-PAGE and western blotting to characterize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Yersinia outer membrane proteins (Yops), membrane proteins, and whole-cell proteins from poorly pathogenic Y. enterocolitica bio-serotype 2/O:9, isolated from China, and highly pathogenic bio-serotype 1B/O:8, isolated from Japan.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>These two strains of Y. enterocolitica had different LPS immune response patterns. Comparison of their Yops also showed differences that could have accounted for their differences in pathogenicity. The membrane and whole-cell proteins of both strains were similar; immunoblottting showed that the 35 kD and perhaps the 10 kD proteins were immunogens in both strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The major antigens of the two strains eliciting the host immune response were the LPS and membrane proteins, as shown by comparing protein samples with reference and purified preparations.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rabbits , Antigens, Bacterial , Genetics , Metabolism , Bacterial Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Blotting, Western , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Physiology , Lipopolysaccharides , Metabolism , Yersinia enterocolitica , Classification , MetabolismABSTRACT
Background There is no effective preventing way for the posterior capsular opacification(PCO) after cataract surgery.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the preventing effect of adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir(HSV-tk/GCV) system on PCO.Methods Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were divided into BSS+BSS group,BSS+GCV group,HSV-tk+BSS group and HSV-tk+GCV group at random.Phacoemulsification was performed in bilateral eyes of rabbits,and 0.1ml of BSS or adenovirus vector with HSV-tk gene were injected into lens capsular bag during the operation based on the grouping.In 12 hours after operation,0.1ml BSS was injected into the anterior chamber daily for 3 times in BSS+BSS group and HSV-tk+BSS group,and 0.1ml GCV was used in the same way in BSS+GCV group and HSV-tk+GCV group.The situations of the anterior segment and the posterior capsule were examined under the slit lamp postoperatively.All the wet weight of capsular bags was assessed using electronic balance.The capsular membrane was histopathologically examined in the 4th week after injection.PCO was graded according to the method of Couderc.Results Mild corneal edema and aqueous humor opacity were observed in all the eyes within 3 days and returned to normal level gradually within 2 weeks postoperatively.PCO scores were higher in BSS+BSS group,BSS+GCV group,HSV-tk+BSS group than the HSV-tk+GCV group,showing the significant differences between them(H=2.647,P=0.008;H=2.939,P=0.003;H=2.884,P=0.004).No obvious difference was seen in PCO score among BSS+BSS group,BSS+GCV group,HSV-tk+BSS group(P＞0.05).The wet weight of the capsular bags in HSV-tk+GCV group was reduced in comparison with BSS+BSS group,BSS+GCV group,HSV-tk+BSS group with the statistically significant difference between them(q=9.93,q=10.15,q=10.07,P＜0.05).Histopathological examination revealed that mild proliferation of lens epithelial cells(LECs) at the capsular equator and migration toward the posterior capsule to form a thin soemmering ring in the periphery of the capsular bags and thin fibromembrane at the center of the capsular bags without cells or cortices in HSV-tk+GCV group.However,in BSS+BSS group,BSS+GCV group and HSV-tk+BSS group,the proliferation and migration of LECs were more obvious to form a dense soemmering ring in the periphery of the capsular bags and thick fibromembrane in the center of capsular bags.Conclusion Adenovirus-mediated HSV-tk/GCV system can effectively prevent PCO.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the distribution of Yersinia enterocolitica and its virulence factors in Nantong, Jiangsu.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Yersinia strains were isolated from livestock and poultry. Conventional PCR was used to detect the virulence factors of all strains and strain 0:8 was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The combined isolation rate of Yersinia enterocolitica from livestock and poultry was 31.06% and the gene distribution characters were: 39.57% of them were ail-, ystA- , ystB-, yadA- , virF-; 60.43% were ail- , ystA- , ystB + , yadA- , virF- respectively. The two reference strains from America and Denmark showed similar electrophoresis patterns but were significantly different with O:8 strains isolated from China while the serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 and O:9 which were the main epidemic strains in China, were not found in this area.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitis O:3 and O:9 were not found in Nantong,Jiangsu province.</p>
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Animals , Animals, Domestic , Microbiology , China , Electrophoresis , Poultry , Microbiology , Virulence Factors , Genetics , Metabolism , Yersinia enterocolitica , Genetics , VirulenceABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of long-term high-fat diet on insulin resistance and the morphology and function of islets in rats and the relationship between them.Methods Thirty normal male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into two groups and fed either with normal chow (NC,n=15),or high-caloric and high-fat diet (HF,n=15).Insulin resistance was assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. The insulin secretory function of islets was evaluated by intravenous insulin releasing test.Morphological and quantitative analysis of pancreatic tissues was performed by double-label insulin and glucagon immunohistochemistry.Proinsulin mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Results The glucose infusion rate (GIR) in HF rats was significandy lower than that in NC rats [(5.83?0.79)mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) vs (7.60?1.29)mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1),P＜0.05].Immunohistochemistry showed that HF rats had larger islet size [(15168?1327)?m~2 vs (6264?1840)?m~2,P＜0.01] and significantly reduced insulin relative concentration of?cells[(-5.15?0.03) vs (-4.81?0.17),P＜0.01],as compared with NC rats.The islet relative?cell volume was decreased signifieandy (P＜0.01),whereas the relative?cell volume was increased (P＜0.01).So the ratio of?to?were lower in HF [(4.68?1.01) vs (11.84?3.82),P＜0.05].The peak of insulin secretion in intravenous insulin releasing test in HF was at 10 min,whereas that in NC rats was at 5 min.AUC (area under curve) 10-60 rain of insulin in HF was higher than that in NC rats [(152.51?34.53)mIU?L~(-1)?min~(-1) vs (86.40?21.21) mIU?L~(-1)?min~(-1),P＜0.01].There was no difference in proinsulin mRNA levels between two groups. Conclusion Long-term high-caloric and high-fat diet results in early impairment of islet morphology and function, as well as significant insulin resistance,suggesting that the compensation ability of islets has already been impaired in the early course of type 2 diabetes mellitus.