ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the factors influencing the interpersonal relationship of the divers undergoing simulating 450-m diving in the Chinese Navy, in order to establish the psychological intervention strategies and evaluate the efficacy of the intervention, so as to provide a theoretical basis for increasing the combat effectiveness of naval forces. Methods Twenty excellent divers taking part in simulating 450-m diving from Navy units were interviewed, and the record of the interview was analyzed to find out their five common behaviors deteriorating the interpersonal relations, the attributional modes when conflicts happened and five commonly used countermeasures. The divers were divided into two groups, the experimental group and control group (10 people for each), and the experimental group was given psychological intervention. By using the sociometric method and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS), comparison was made between experimental group and control group, and also between the pre-intervention status and the post-intervention status of each group. Results All the scores, including social distance (t=-2.61, P=0.03), index of individual social distance (t=-4.83, P=0.00) and negative emotion of PANAS (t=-0.38, P=0.03), were lower in the experimental group than in the control group, and in the experimental group these scores after the intervention were also lower than those before intervention. Conclusions Group psychological intervention has substantial effects on improving the divers' communication skills and satisfaction in interpersonal relationship. This kind of intervention can produce more positive emotion and reduce negative emotion, thus can be popularized in the Navy.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the anti-hypercholesterolemic and cholesterol absorption inhibitory activities between total saponin of Dioscorea panthaica (TSDP) and diosgenin (Dio).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>TSDP and Dio were given ig or i.p. to mice or rats treated with cholesterol feed to evaluate their preventive and therapeutic effect on hypercholesterolemia. TSDP or Dio and cholesterol were mixed with pig bile to form the micelle, then the freeing cholesterol was detected to evaluate inhibitory effect of the both compounds on cholesterol absorption.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Dio (80 and 160 mg.kg-1) showed significantly therapeutic and preventive effect on hypercholesterolemia in mice, while TSDP showed a certain preventive activity only at a big dose (400 mg.kg-1). The intraperitoneal injection of Dio (20 and 40 mg.kg-1) to mice suffered from hypercholesterolemia was effective, but TSDP showed no effective. The serum total cholesterol level was decreased when rats were pre-treated with TSDP (200 and 400 mg.kg-1, ig) and Dio (200 and 100 mg.kg-1, ig). However, the hypercholesterolemia-preventing activity of Dio was stronger than that of TSDP. In addition, inhibitory effect of Dio on cholesterol micelle formation was still stronger than that of TSDP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The preventive and therapeutic activity of Dio against hypercholesterolemia indused by cholesterol in mice or rats is stronger than that of TSDP. The anti-hypercholesterolemia mechanism of Dio is probably related with its cholesterol absorption inhibitory activity.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Rats , Anticholesteremic Agents , Pharmacology , Cholesterol , Blood , Dioscorea , Chemistry , Diosgenin , Pharmacology , Hypercholesterolemia , Blood , Drug Therapy , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Saponins , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the rat intestinal bacteria metabolism of total saponins of Dioscorea pathaica (TSDP) in vitro, and characterize the metabolites in serum and urine of rats after oral administration of TSDP 900 mg.kg-1.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>TSDP metabolites were detected with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and combination of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and sequential tandem mass spectrometry (MSn).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In vitro, TSDP was decomposed easily by rat intestinal bacteria, and metabolites DP-1, DP-2, DP-4, DP-5 and diosgenin (Dio) were observed with prolongation of incubation time by ESI-MS2. In vivo, in the full-scan positive mass spectrum of the rat urine sample, the ion peak at m/z 415 (M-H) and its characteristic fragmentations at m/z 397 and m/z 271 in the MS/MS spectrum were identified with that of metabolite Dio, therefore metabolite Dio was deduced to exist in the rat urine, and metablite Dio was allso detected in the rat serum sample.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TSDP is decomposed easily by rat intestinal bacteria and metabolite diosgenin is absorbed into blood after oral administration of TSDP.</p>