Simultaneous Determination of the Contents of 5 Indicator Components in Yanyan Tablets by QAMS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish QAMS method for content determination of paeoniflorin， rutin， oroxin B， baicalin and cinnamates in Yanyan tablets. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Hypersil GOLD-C18 column （250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm） with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.35％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection wavelengths were set at 280 nm （rutin， oroxin B， baicalin， cinnamates） and 230 nm （paeoniflorin）. The column temperature was 30 ℃， and sample size was 10 μL. Using paeoniflorin as internal reference， relative correction factors （RCF） of rutin， oroxin B， baicalin and cinnamates were established. Effects of different chromatogram system， chromatogram column， mobile phase proportion， flow rate and column temperature on relative correction factors were investigated； the chromatographic peaks of the components were located according to the relative retention time. The content of paeoniflorin as internal reference was determined by external standard method， and the other four components were determined by QAMS， and then compared with the results of external standard method. RESULTS： The separation degree of each component to be measured was greater than 1.5. The linear range was 3.97-119.22 μg/mL for paeoniflorin，1.96-58.68 μg/mL for rutin，2.39-71.64 μg/mL for oroxin B， 1.92-57.51 μg/mL for baicalin， 0.54-16.24 μg/mL for cinnamates（r≥0.999 7）， respectively. RSDs of precision， reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 2％. Average recoveries were 97.20％-98.07％（RSD＜3％，n＝6）. RCFs of rutin， oroxin B， baicalin and cinnamates were 0.554 6，1.815 6，2.489 3 and 5.423 2， using paeoniflorin as internal reference. RSDs of RCF and relative retention time were all lower than 5％ under different chromatogram conditions. Absolut relative error of four components （except for internal reference） in 10 batches of Yanyan tablets sampled by QAMS and external standard method were all less than 1％. The results of the two methods were identical. CONCLUSIONS： The established method is accurate， rapid， efficient and inexpensive， and it can be used for simultaneous determination of 5 indicator components in Yanyan tablet.

Advantages of caudal block over intrarectal local anesthesia plus periprostatic nerve block for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy

Objective: To compare caudal block with intrarectal local anesthesia plus periprostatic nerve block for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy

Methods: One hundred and ninety patients scheduled for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy were randomized equally into Group-A who received caudal block [20 ml 1.2% lidocaine] and Group-B who received intrarectal local anesthesia [0.3% oxybuprocaine cream] plus periprostatic nerve block [10 ml 1% lidocaine plus 0.5% ropivacaine] before biopsy. During and after the procedure, the patients rated the level of pain/discomfort at various time points

Complications during the whole study period and the patient overall satisfaction were also evaluated

Results: More pain and discomfort was detected during periprostatic nerve block than during caudal block

Pain and discomfort was significantly lower during prostate biopsy and during the manipulation of the probe in the rectum in Group-A than in Group-B. No significant differences were detected in the pain intensity after biopsy and side effects between the two groups

Conclusions: Caudal block provides better anesthesia than periprostatic nerve block plus intrarectal local anesthesia for TRUS guided prostate biopsy without an increase of side effects

Effects of batroxobin on perioperative blood loss and coagulation in patients with low molecular weight heparin when undergoing the total hip replacement / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the interactive effects between batroxobin and low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)in reducing peri-operative blood loss and coagulation function in patients who undergone the total hip replacement surgery. Methods 240 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients received 4 000 IU LMWH 12 hours preoperatively before undergoing the total hip replacement operation,were randomly divided into two groups:testing group (Group A,n=120) and control group(Group B,n=120)receiving 2 U batroxobin or 50 mg mannitol 10 minutes before incision respectively. Perioperative blood loss,postoperative 24 hours drainage and blood routine test, prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and fibrinogen(FIB) were measured respectively. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were measured through color Doppler B-ultrasound 3 days after the operation. Results The perioperative blood loss in Group A (422.64 ml)was less than that in Group B(667.67 ml)(P<0.01)while red blood cell,hemoglobin, red blood cell volume and platelet were decreasing after operation in both groups but no significant difference was found between the two groups(P>0.05). There were no drug-related adverse effects found in the two groups,neither the difference in hospitalization between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Batroxobin (2 U) could reduce the perioperative blood loss in patients with LMWH who had undergone the total hip replacement operation but did not show adverse effect on DVT.

Effects of batroxobin on perioperative blood loss and coagulation in patients with low molecular weight heparin when undergoing the total hip replacement / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the interactive effects between batroxobin and low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)in reducing peri-operative blood loss and coagulation function in patients who undergone the total hip replacement surgery. Methods 240 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients received 4 000 IU LMWH 12 hours preoperatively before undergoing the total hip replacement operation,were randomly divided into two groups:testing group (Group A,n=120) and control group(Group B,n=120)receiving 2 U batroxobin or 50 mg mannitol 10 minutes before incision respectively. Perioperative blood loss,postoperative 24 hours drainage and blood routine test, prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and fibrinogen(FIB) were measured respectively. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were measured through color Doppler B-ultrasound 3 days after the operation. Results The perioperative blood loss in Group A (422.64 ml)was less than that in Group B(667.67 ml)(P<0.01)while red blood cell,hemoglobin, red blood cell volume and platelet were decreasing after operation in both groups but no significant difference was found between the two groups(P>0.05). There were no drug-related adverse effects found in the two groups,neither the difference in hospitalization between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Batroxobin (2 U) could reduce the perioperative blood loss in patients with LMWH who had undergone the total hip replacement operation but did not show adverse effect on DVT.

Effects of batroxobin on perioperative blood loss and coagulation in patients with low molecular weight heparin when undergoing the total hip replacement / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the interactive effects between batroxobin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in reducing peri-operative blood loss and coagulation function in patients who undergone the total hip replacement surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>240 ASA I - III patients received 4 000 IU LMWH 12 hours preoperatively before undergoing the total hip replacement operation, were randomly divided into two groups:testing group (Group A, n = 120) and control group (Group B, n = 120) receiving 2 U batroxobin or 50 mg mannitol 10 minutes before incision respectively. Perioperative blood loss, postoperative 24 hours drainage and blood routine test, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) were measured respectively. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were measured through color Doppler B-ultrasound 3 days after the operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The perioperative blood loss in Group A (422.64 ml) was less than that in Group B (667.67 ml) (P < 0.01) while red blood cell, hemoglobin, red blood cell volume and platelet were decreasing after operation in both groups but no significant difference was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were no drug-related adverse effects found in the two groups, neither the difference in hospitalization between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Batroxobin (2 U) could reduce the perioperative blood loss in patients with LMWH who had undergone the total hip replacement operation but did not show adverse effect on DVT.</p>

Risk factors for postoperative respiratory complications and establishment of a preoperative risk scoring system / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To determine the risk factors for postoperative respiratory complications and establish a preoperative risk scoring system.Methods Patients,aged ≥ 18 yr,scheduled for elective surgery or undergoing emergency operation under total intravenous anesthesia or field block anesthesia,were studied.The general data of patients,preoperative SpO2,and conditions of respiratory infection,anemia or cough tests within 1 month before surgery were recorded.The operative sites (thorax,upper abdomen,other sites),duration of operation,type of surgery (emergency operation/elective operation),and methods of anesthesia (general anesthesia/field block) were also recorded.According to the development of respiratory complications within 1-7 days after operation,the patients were divided into either postoperative respiratory complication group or non-postoperative respiratory complication group.The risk factors of which P values were less than 0.05 would enter the multivariate logistic regression analysis to pick out the risk factors for postoperative respiratory complications and to establish a preoperative risk scoring system.Results Two thousand and thirty-seven patients completed the study.A total of 493 patients developed postoperative pulmonary complications,and the incidence was 24.20％.Statistical analysis showed that the risk factors associated with postoperative respiratory complications included age ＞ 50 yr,preoperative SpO2 ≤90％,high ASA physical status,duration of smoking ＞ 1 yr,positive cough tests,respiratory infections at one month before operation,preoperative anemia,upper abdominal and intrathoracic operations,duration of operation ＞ 2 h.A preoperative risk scoring system was established for postoperative respiratory complications based on 6 independent risk factors:preoperative SpO2,anemia,respiratory infections,age,duration of operation and operative sites.The incidence of postoperative respiratory complications was 61.9 ％,52.8 ％ and 17.2 ％ in high-risk,medium-risk and low-risk groups,respectively,and there was significant difference between the three groups (P ＜ 0.01).Area under the ROC curve was 90％ for subsamples and 87％ for the validation subsamples.Conclusion Age ＞ 50 yr,high ASA physical status,duration of smoking ＞ 1 yr,positive cough tests,preoperative SpO2 ≤90％,anemia,respiratory infections at one month before operation,duration of operation ＞ 2 h,upper abdominal and intrathoracic operations are risk factors for postoperative respiratory complications.A preoperative risk scoring system is successfully established for postoperative respiratory complications based on preoperative SpO2,anemia,respiratory infections,age,duration of operation and operative sites.

Median effective target plasma concentration of propofol inhibiting response to laryngeal mask airway insertion when combined with dexmedetomidine / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To determine the median effective target plasma concentration (EC50) of propofol inhibiting the response to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion when combined with dexmedetomidine.Methods ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 20-60 yr,with body mass index 20-25 kg/m2,scheduled for surgeries under general anesthesia,were studied.EC50 of propofol was determined by modified Dixon' s up-and-down sequential experiment.After dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg was infused over 10 min,propofol was infused by targetcontrolled infusion.The initial target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 3.0 μg/ml.LMA was inserted when the target effect-site concentration of propofol and target plasma concentration of propofol reached the balance and BIS value was 50-60.Each time the target concentration increased/decreased by 0.2 μg/ml according to the occurrence of the response to LMA insertion.The response to LMA insertion was defined as the occurrence of coughing,body movement,laryngospasm or systemic voluntary movement.EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval (CI)of propofol for inhibition of the response to LMA insertion were calculated.Results The EC50 of propofol required for inhibition of the response to LMA insertion was 2.351 (95％ Cl 1.737-2.600) μg/ml when combined with dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg.Conclusion The EC50 of propofol inhibiting the response to LMA insertion is 2.351 μg/ml when combined with dexmedetomidine.

Application of target-controlled infusion with propofol combined with remifentanyl in elderly patients with gastrointestinal endoscopy under bispectral index monitoring / 中国基层医药

Objective To discuss the advantage of hispectral index(BIS) monitoring used in gastrointestinal endoscopy,and to observe elinical effects of target-controlled infusion(TCI) propofol combined with remifentanyl in elderly patients.Methods 120 patients aged from 65 to 78 with ASA physical status Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ were randomly divided into two groups,i,e.Group A (propofol with fentanyl ),Group B ( TCI propofol and remifentanyl with BIS).The amount of propofol was adjusted by consciousness and hemodynamics in Group A,while by BIS value in Group B.BIS was controlled at 55 ～60.The total amount of propofol and the time of wake-up,the incidence of complicatiors in each group were recorded.Results Compared with Group A,the changes of MAP and HR at T1 and T2 were smaller in Group B(P ＜ 0.05 ) ; Compared with Group A,the total amount of propofol and the time of wake-up were less in Group B ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ;Compared with Group A,the incidence of intraoperative respiratory depression and bradycardia were increased in Group B( P ＜ 0.05 ),there were no differences in the rest between the two groups.Conclusion Under BIS monitoring,TCl propofol and remifentanyl in elderly patients undewent gastrointestinal endoscopy may reduce propofol,and reach rapid recovery from anesthesia,but it needs additional management of respiration and circulation.

Should the lower end of the spinal cord be localized by MRI in all patients having low backache prior to spinal anesthesia?

This study investigates the position of the lower end of the spinal cord conus in Chinese adults with low backache using MRI, to locate the safe puncture site for spinal anesthesia. Eight hundreds adults suffering from low backache were included in the study. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to localize the lower end of the spinal cord conus. Adult females' conus positions were slightly lower than the males [median: L1:lower, quartile: L1:middle-L1:upper for females; median: L1:lower, quartile: L1:upper-L2 for males; P < 0.001]. In addition our data showed that in 23.25% of patients the tip of the conus was located at the upper 1/3 level of L3. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that when the study population was divided by age group [Group A = 30 years of age; Group B = 30-60 years old; Group C = more than 60 years of age], cone position was significantly lower in older patients [r= 0.113, P < 0.05]. Spinal puncture should not be performed higher than the L3-L4 intervertebral space in Chinese patients having low backache unless the position of the lower end of the spinal cord is identified by prior MRI

Use of bispectral index and narcotrend monitor in inspecting the depth of anesthesia in elderly patients induced different doses of propofoi infusion / 中国基层医药

ObjectiveTo observe the changes of HR,MAP,BIS and Narcotrend induced by different doses of propofol in elderly patients. MethodsOne hundred elder patients(60 ～ 85 years old), AS A class Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for selective surgeries,were divided equally into 5 different doses of propofol( constant intravenous injection for 1min) groups of 0.5mg/kg( Ⅰ ) ,0. 75mg/kg( Ⅱ ) ,1.0mg/kg(Ⅲ) ,1.25mg/kg( Ⅳ)and 1.5mg/kg(Ⅴ). HR,MAP,BIS and Narcotrend were monitored before propofol injection and at 1 and 5 min after propofol injection. ResultsHR of 5 group s as similar. At 1 min after pmpofol injection, MAP decreased remarkably compared with at before in all 5 groups( t =2. 17,2.84,2.49,5.63,7.10, all p ＜ 0.05 ), which in group Ⅳ and Ⅴ decreased significantly compared with at in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ(t =4.67,2.77,2.45,5.49,4.57,2. 18,all P＜0.05).At 1 min after propofol injection,BIS and NI values decreased compared with at before in all 5 groups(t =7.74,11.74,28.18,30.34,45.28, 6. 65,10.52,17.27,26.28,30. 14,allP ＜0.05) ,which in groupⅢ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (t =12.59,11.08,16.72,15.12,17.67,15.64,allP＜0.05).Dose of propofol was negatively correlated with BIS and NI value ( r =-0. 898/0. 930, P ＜ 0.01 ). ConclusionPropofol 1.0mg/kg constant injection should meet the sedation and hypnosis demand of general anesthesia in elderly patients and could not inhibit circulatory system; Bispectral Index and Narcotrend could accuratly monitor depth of anesthesia in elderly patients.

Effect of hypothermia on somatosensory evoked potentials / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of hypothermia on somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs). Methods Thirteen ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients aged 23-51 yr weighing 45-82 kg scheduled for cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study. Bilateral median nerve SSEPs (N9, N13, N20) were recorded after induction.The MAP, peak latency and amplitude of N9, N13 and N20 were recorded when the target temperature (36, 35,34, 33 ℃ ) was reached during the cooling and rewarming periods. The neurological dysfunction was recorded after operation. Results The peak latency was prolonged and MAP was decreased with the decrease in the body temperature during the cooling period, the peak latency was shortened with the increase in the body temperature during the rewarming period ( P ＜ 0.05), but no significant change in the amplitudes was found ( P ＞ 0.05). The regression equation of the interaction between the peak latency and body temperature was YN9= -0.558X + 28.994(r=-0.673), YN13 =-1.121X+53.242 (r= -0.702) , YN20 = -1.458X+72.036(r= -0.702) during the cooling period (P ＜ 0.05), and YN9 = - 0.505X + 27.313 ( r = - 0.634), YN13 = - 0.905X + 46.249(r= -0.619), YN20 = - 1.142X + 61.668 (r= -0.600) during the rewarming period (P ＜0.05). No neurological dysfunction was found in all the patients. Conclusion Hypothermia can prolong the peak latency of SSEP and does not alter the SSEP amplitude.

Effect of norepinephrine on renal function in patients undergoing kidney transplantation / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of norepinephrine infusion at 0.03-0.3 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 on renal function in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Methods Thirty-two ASA Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients aged 22-64 yr weighing 44-88 kg undergoing kidney transplantation were studied. Dialysis was performed within 36 h before operation. Blood pressure was fairly stable. Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) was performed. Spinal anesthesia was performed at L2,3 interspace and hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine 10-15 mg was injected into the subarachnoid space. The upper level of sensory block measured by pin-prick reached T6. Epidural catheter was placed at T11,12 interspace and 1% ropivacaine was given intermittently. The patients were randomly allocated into preoperative baseline level (increase or decrease amplitude ＜ 10% of baseline level) by dopamine or norepinephrine infusion during operation. Venous blood samples and urine samples were obtained at the end of operation and 12 h after operation for determination of serum concentrations of cystatin C and β2-microglobulin and urine α1- and β2-microglobulin concentrations. Urine was collected and the volume was recorded. Meanwhile the consumption of furosemide administration during the 12 h after operation was recorded. Results The two groups were comparable with respect to age, M/F sex ratio, body weight, the volume of urine and fluid infused, and the consumption of furosemide. There was no significant difference in serum cystatin C and β2-microgiobulin and urine α1- and β2-microglobulin concentratious, urine volume and consumption of furosemide administration between the transplantation without adverse effect on kidney allograft function.

The position of conus medullaris in Chinese adult population / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the variation in the position of conus medullaris in Chinese adult population in order to avoid hitting conus during spinal puncture. Methods Eight hundred patients suffering from back pain, aged 18-91 yr, were enrolled in this study. The position of conus medullaris was determined using Siemens 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging system. According to the method described by Reimann, the vertebral body was used as mark of reference to the level of the end of conus. Results There were 190 patients in whom the position of the end of conus medullaris was lower than L1,2 . The incidence of the position of the end of conus medullaris lower than L1,2 was higher in patients 30-60 or older than in those under 30, and in those over the age of 60 than in those 30-60 (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Spinal puncture should be performed cautiously at L2,3. CT or MRI is recommended before operation for the patients to locate the position of conus medullaris and avoid injury to the spinal cord.

Role of alpha4 beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetyicholine receptor in inhibition of synapttc long-term potentiation by isoflurane in rat hippncampal slices / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of alpha4 beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the inhibition of synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) by isoflurane in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices.Methods Hippocampal slices (400 μm thick) were prepared from the brains of adult male SD rats, 2 months old, weighing 200-250 g, anesthetized with ether and decapitated. The slices were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) at room temperature for at least 2 h before use. Seventy slices were randomly divided into 10 groups ( n = 7 each): Ⅰ LTP group in which the slices were perfused with aCSF; Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ group in which the slices were perfused with aCSF containing isoflurane 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mmol/L respectively (group Ⅰ1-3 );Ⅴ and Ⅵ group in which the slices were perfused with aCSF containing epibatidine 0.1 and 1.0 μmol/L respectively (group E1.2 ); Ⅶ group epibatidine 0.1 μmol/L + isoflurane 0.25 mmol/L (group E1 + I2 ); Ⅷgroup epibatidine 1.0 μmol/L + isoflurane 0.25 mmol/L (group E2 + I2); Ⅸ group DHβE 0.1 μmol/L (group D); Ⅹ group DHβE 0.1 μmol/L + isoflurane 0.125 mmol/L (group D + I1 ). Population spikes (PS) were recorded for at least 30 min before LTP in each group. For LTP induction, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) was applied to the Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway of hippocampus and maintained for 15 min using a stimulating electrode.The changes in PS amplitude were analyzed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after HFS in each group. Results Compared with group LTP, the PS amplitude was significantly decreased after HFS in group I1 ,I2, I3 , D, D + I1 and E1 + I2 ( P ＜ 0.05), while increased after HFS in group E1 .2 ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but no significant change was found after HFS in group E2 + I2 ( P ＞ 0.05). The PS amplitude was significantly decreased after HFS in group D + I1 compared with group I1 (P ＜ 0.05). The PS amplitude was significantly increased after HFS in group E1 + I2 and F2 + I2 compared with group I2 ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Isoflurane inhibits LTP induction via inhibiting the activation of alpha4 beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in rat hippocampus.

Effect of midazolam on synaptic long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices of rats / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

0.05),but it was significantly lower than that in LTP group (P

Effects of patient controlled epidural analgesia on postoperative changes of circulatory and pulmonary function in elderly with hypertension / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To evaluate the effects of patient controlled analgesia(PCEA)on the perioperative changes of circulatory and pulmonary function of elderly with hypertensions after abdominal surgery.Methods Twenty-eight patients of ASAⅡ-Ⅲ aged more than 60 years undergoing uratomy were randomly divided into two groups:control group and PCEA group.Preoperative and postoperative circulatory and pulmonary functions were measured with noninvasion circulatory monitor and pocket lung function meter respectively.Results In control group,the systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,and heart rate increased by 19%,17% and 19%,respectively,as compared with preoperation.The percentage of forced vital capacity(FVC%),percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second to forced vital capacity(FEV1%) and percentage of maximal ventilatory volume(MVV%) of postoperation in control group were significantly decreased compared with preoperation(P

Effect of ketamine on synaptic long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices of rats / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the effect of ketamine on the synaptic long-term potentiation(LTP) in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices,and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effect of ketamine on memory.Methods Hippocampal slices(400 ?m thick) were obtained from the brains of male Sprague-Dawley rats(2 months old) weighing 200-250 g that were decapitated.The slices were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ACSF) at room temperature for at least 120 min before use.Forty-nine slices were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=7):control group,ketamine 1,5,10,30,50 and 100 ?mol?L-1 groups.All the slices in each group were perfused with ACSF,ketamine 1,5,10,30,50 or 100 ?mol?L-1,respectively.The slices in each group were performed to record evoked population spikes(PS) using extracellular microelectrode recording technique.Another forty-nine slices were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=7):LTP group,ketamine-LTP 1,5,10,30,50 and 100 ?mol?L-1 groups.All the slices in each group were perfused with ACSF,ketamine 1,5,10,30,50 or 100 ?mol?L-1,respectively.PSs were recorded for at least 30 min before LTP in each group.For LTP induction,high-frequency stimulation(HFS) conditioning pulses(100 Hz?s-1) were applied to the Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway of hippocampus using a bipolar stimulating electrode.The changes in PS amplitude after HFS were analyzed in each group.Results The PS amplitude of the rat hippocampal slices in ketamine 1,5,and 10 ?mol?L-1 groups had no significant difference compared with control group.The PS amplitude in ketamine 30,50 and 100 ?mol?L-1 groups decreased compared with control group(P

Preemptive analgesia effects of flurbiprofen axetil on respiratory function in patients undergoing thoracotomy / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

0.05).Significant differences were observed in analgesia grade between two groups.Visual analogue scores(VAS) in different postoperative time points(4,8,12,24 and 48h) were lower in experiment group than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Flurbiprofen axeti1 has preemptive analgesia effects with the chosen dosage regimen in patients undergoing thoracotomy and doesn't increase side effects.But the preemptive analgesia can't improve postoperative respiratory function.

Effects of sevoflurane inhalational anesthesia on serum cardiac troponin I in patients undergoing abdominal surgery / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To discuss the effects of sevoflurane on perioperative hemodynamics and serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI) in patients undergoing abdominal surgery,and offer the reference for selecting anesthetic in clinic.Methods Forty patients with ASA Ⅱ—Ⅲ,undergoing radical gastrectomy were randomly allocated into sevoflurane group(group S) and propofol group(group P),with each 20 patients.Systemic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),heart reat(HR) and saturation of oxygen(SPO2) were monitored as routine.The concerntration of cTnI was examined at pre-anesthesia(T1),post-induction(T2),beginning of operation(T3),end of operation(T4),the first day post-operation(T5) and the third day post-operation(T6) with radioimmunoassay.Results SBP,DBP and HR in group P at post-induction were significantly lower than those in group S(P

Analgesic effect of adenosine A_1 receptor agonist administered into the brainstem medial pontine reticular formation in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect of adenosine A1 receptor agonist R( - )-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine (R-PIA) administered into the brainstem medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF) and the underlying mechanism. Methods Sixty male SD rats aged 8-10 weeks weighing 250-300 g were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 300 mg?kg-1 .A 24-gauge stainless steel cannula was inserted into mPRF on one side using a stereotaxic apparatus. One week after operation the animals were randomly divided into 12 groups ( n=5 each) : groupⅠcontrol; groupⅡR-PIA 0.5?g; groupⅢR-PIA 1.0?g; groupⅣR-PIA 2.0?g; groupⅤtheophylline (an adenosine receptor antagonist) 5.0?g; groupⅥ8-cyclopentyl-1 ,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, an adenosine A, receptor antagonist) 1.0?g; groupⅦglibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker) 5.0?g; groupⅧ4-aminopyridine (4-AP, a voltage dependent K+-channel blocker) 5.0?g; groupⅨtheophylline 5.0?g + R-PIA 2.0?g; groupⅩDPCPX 1.0?g + R-PIA 2.0?g; groupⅪglibenclamide 5.0?g + R-PIA 2.0?g and groupⅫ4-AP 5.0?g + R-PIA 2.0?g. All the drugs were injected into mPRF in 0.3?l of normal saline. In groupⅨ-ⅫR-PIA 2.0?g was administered 15 min after pretreatment with theophylline, DPCPX, glibenclamide or 4-AP. Analgesia was determined using the tailflick latency (TFL) (the time between the onset of the radiant heat stimulus and voluntary tail withdrawal) at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min after R-PIA injection into mPRF. The pain threshold was expressed as percentage of the maximal possible effect ( MPE) : MPE = (TFL after drug - baseline TFL)/( 10.0 -baseline TFL)?100% .Results R-PIA 0.5-2.0?g injected into mPRF produced significant analgesia in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with theophylline or DPCPX completely reversed the analgesic effect of R-PIA while pretreatment with glibenclamide or 4-AP only partially reversed the analgesic effect of R-PIA.Conclusion R-PIA administered into mPRF produces analgesia through activation of both ATP-sensitive and voltage-dependent K+ -channel in mPRF.