ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of local mild hypothermia on the cerebral hemodynamic parameters,plasma Endothelin-1 (ET-1s) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRPs) of the subarachnoid hemorrhage patients (SAH).Methods Sixty patients were divided randomly into local mild hypothermia group and control group (n =30 patients each group).The middle cerebral artery average blood flow rates (VMCAs) and pulse index (PIs) were detected with transcranial Doppler (TCD),plasma ET-1 s and CGRPs were tested on the D1,D7,D10,and D14,respectively.Results The VMCAs in the mild hypothermia group were lower on the D7,D10,and D14 [7 d:(95.46 ±22.48)cm/s vs (110.35 ±32.38) cm/s,t =2.07,P ＜ 0.05 ; 10 d:(85.57 ± 17.47) cm/s vs (97.64 ± 20.55) cm/s,t =2.45,P＜0.05 ;14 d:(57.16 ± 14.36)cm/s vs (70.56 ± 19.42) cm/s,t =3.04,P ＜ 0.01],PIs and plasma ET-1s were lower on the D10 and D14 compared with the control group [PIs:10 d:0.76 ±0.21 vs 0.88±0.25,t =2.01,P ＜0.05;14 d:0.72±0.18 vs 0.84 ±0.19,t =2.51,P ＜0.05] [ET-1s:10 d:(71.37 ± 16.63) pg/ml vs (81.46 ±21.38)pg/ml,t =2.04,P ＜0.05 ;14 d:(55.73 ± 15.18) pg/ml vs (68.28 ± 20.57) pg/ml,t =2.69,P ＜ 0.01].Plasma CGRPs were higher compared with the control group on the D7,D10,and D14 [7 d:(26.55 ±6.45)pg/ml vs (23.64 ±4.56)pg/ml,t =2.02,P ＜0.05;10 d:(24.15 ±7.35)pg/ml vs (20.52 ±6.18) pg/ml,t =2.07,P ＜0.05;14 d:(30.37 ±6.28)pg/ml vs (26.88 ± 4.39) pg/ml,t =2.49,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions The mild hypothermia treatment could reduce the plasma ET-1s,improve plasma CGRPs,and improve the prognosis of the patients.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Endothelin(ET) -1 is a peptide with potent actions on blood vessels and nerve system. Its expression increases in the central nervous system(CNS) in a variety of pathological conditions, inducing harmful effects on the nervous tissue. However it is not clearly elucidated whether the over-expressed ET-1 can directly induce neuronal apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ET-1 can directly induce apoptosis in primarily cultured brain neurons of rat, and which ET receptor subtype(s) is involved in this action.DESIGN: Completely randomized and controlled experimental study based on cells.SETTING: Neurological department in a university hospital, pathological department of a university and laboratory center of tissue transplantation and immunology, life science and technology college.MATERIALS: This study was completed in the Pathology Department, the Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, the Life Science and Technology College of Jinan University. The subjects were primarily-cultured neurons obtained from cerebral cortex of newborn rats that were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of the Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University.INTERVENTIONS: After culturing for five days, the neurons were treated with ET-1 (0. 2 nmol/L and 20 nmol/L) for 24 hours. Apoptotic neurons were semi-quantitatively measured with Annexin V and Hoechst 33258 staining respectively. ET-1(20 nmol/L), with BQ123(a selective antagonist for ET receptor A, 1 mmol/L) or with BQ788(a selective antagonist for ET receptor B, 1 mmol/L), was added respectively into the cultures simultaneously. And the apoptotic neurons were quantitatively measured with flow cytometry 24 hours later. Equal amount of PBS, instead of ET-1, waw added into the control subjects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of ET-1 on apoptosis rate of cultured rat cortical neurons, and the ET receptor subtypes involved in this action.RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after treated with 0.2 nmol/L ET-1, the Annexin-V, and Hoechest 33258 positive stained cell rates[ (23.00 ± 9.96)%,(9.82 ±0.95)% ] were of no difference as compared with those of the controls[ (13.50 ± 3.35)%, (8.21 ± 2. 17)% ]. By contrast, after incubation with the higher dose of ET-1 (20 nmol/L), significant higher rate of apoptosis was measured in Annexin V staining[(50.50 ± 10.78)%, P=0.01, n=4] and Hoechest 33258 staining[(13.78±1.52)%, P= 0. 000, n = 8] . Analyzed with flow cytometry, the apoptosis rate was (0.20±0. 15)% in the control group, (26. 11 ±3.28)% in 20 nmol/LET-1 group, and(13.58 ±4. 92)% in BQ123 +ET-1 and(9.99 ±3.30)% in BQ788 +ET-1 respectively, indicating that BQ123 and BQ788 partially-blocked the apoptosis effect of ET-1 on. cultured neurons(BQ123 + ET-1 vs ET-1, P = 0. 005; BQ788 + ET-1 vs ET-1, P = 0. 001, n = 4, respectively).CONCLUSION: The higher dose of ET-1 (20 nmol/L) can directly induce apoptosis of primarily-cultured cerebral neurons of rats. The effect of ET-1 inducing neuronal apoptosis may be mediated via both ET receptors A and B.
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Objective To observe the changes of plasma lipid,C-reactive protein(CRP) and fibrinogen(FIB) in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)treated with low dose simvastatin.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with ACS were randomly divided into treatment group and control group with 60 cases in each.The patients in the control group were treated with conventional therapy,and those in the treatment group were treated with 20 mg simvastatin per day at the base of control group.The course of treatment was 2 months.Results In the treatment group,the levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),CRP and FIB were decreased significantly and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was increased after the treatment(all P0.05).Conclusion The levels of plasma lipid,CRP and FIB can be effectively regulated with the treatment of low dose simvastatin in patients with ACS.