ABSTRACT
Liposomes, as one of the most successful nanotherapeutics, have a major impact on many biomedical areas. In this study, we performed laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays to investigate the intra-tumor transport and antitumor mechanism of GE11 peptide-conjugated active targeting liposomes (GE11-TLs) in SMMC7721 xenograft model. According to classification of individual cell types in high resolution images, biodistribution of macrophages, tumor cells, cells with high epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and interstitial matrix in tumor microenvironment, in addition, their impacts on intra-tumor penetration of GE11-TLs were estimated. Type I collagen fibers and macrophage flooded in the whole SMMC7721 tumor xenografts. Tumor angiogenesis was of great heterogeneity from the periphery to the center region. However, the receptor-binding site barriers were supposed to be the leading cause of poor penetration of GE11-TLs. We anticipate these images can give a deep reconsideration for rational design of target nanoparticles for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between the resistance of the Klebsiella pneumoni-ae and the Klebsiella pneumoniae plasmid pNDM-LJ carrying blaNDM-1 by high-throughput DNA sequencing. Methods High-throughput DNA sequencing was carried out by the Illumina Miseq platform , and sequencing data were assembled by Edena software. Contigs were annotated by the RAST server and analyzed by the BLAST server. Results The plasmid pNDM-LJ was 54-kb in size with a GC content of 49%. The plasmid encoded 52 putative functional genes and belonged to the IncX3 group in incompatible classifications. Analysis of the plasmid sequence revealed high similarity with other IncX3 plasmids. The blaNDM-1 gene was located in a complicated gene environment possibly constructed by several transposition events. The 5′ and 3′ ends of the blaNDM-1 gene were adjacent to the ISAba125 and IS 26 respectively , forming a 10.8-kb transposon-like structure. Conclusion The plasmid pNDM-LJ carried the blaNDM-1 gene being resistant to carbapenems and played a possibly impor-tant role in transmission of blaNDM-1 in China.
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Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on immune function in mice with multiple myeloma.Methods Multiple myeloma model mice were divided randomly into control group and treatment groups (low,middle and high doses).The rats in treatment groups were injected with recombinant human erythropoietin 100 μL (2.5,5.0 and 10 mg/kg)via the tail vein for 30 days,and the rats in control group were injected isotonic saline solution of the same volume instead.After the experiment,the colorimetric MTT assay,neutral red method and ELISA kit were used to evaluate the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes,the phagocytic ability of macrophages and the content of serum TNF-α.Results Compared with those in control group,different doses of recombinant human erythropoietin could significantly increase the proliferation of lymphocytes,increase the phagocytosis of macrophages and improve the production of serum TNF-α(P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Recombinant human erythropoietin can significantly improve immunoregulation of mice with multiple myeloma.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the different expressions of glypican-3 in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and explore the association of glypican-3 with the prognosis of the patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Glypican-3 expression was detected immunohistochemically in the tumor tissues and adjacent tissues from 48 cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival analysis of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Glypican-3 expression was detected in the tumor tissues in 29.2% (14/48) of the cases, but not in the adjacent tissues. Of the 22 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, 12 (54.5%) showed positive glypican-3 expression in the tumor tissue, a rate significantly higher than that in patients with lung adenocarcinoma [7.7% (2/26), P<0.01]. In all the glypican-3-positive cases, the tumor tissues showed stronger glypican-3 expression in cases with lymph node metastasis or poor tumor differentiation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis did not indicate a significant correlation of glypican-3 expression with the prognosis of the lung cancer patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma have higher glypican-3 expressions in the tumor tissues than those with lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting the value of glypican-3 protein as a potential marker to detect lung squamous cell carcinoma.</p>