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Cerebral palsy is the most common childhood-onset neuromuscular disorder creating lifelong physical disabilities. It affects about 1 in 500 neonates with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 17 million. Cerebral palsy is not a specific disease, but a spectrum of clinical symptoms of permanent abnormalities of the development of movement and posture caused by non-progressive disturbances in a developing fetal or infant brain. Various musculoskeletal disorders are caused by cerebral palsy, hip displacement is one of the most common deformities, second only to equinus deformities of the foot and ankle.Based on the review of previous literatures, this paper summarized the pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, relationship with the gross motor functionclassification and orthopedic treatment of hip displacement in cerebral palsy. Hip displacement in cerebral palsy is mainly caused by the lack of normal stress stimulation in the early childhood and the continuous asymmetric muscle tone and muscle strength around the hip joint. Early hip displacement in cerebral palsy is usually asymptomatic, but without timely intervention hip subluxation/dislocation will cause hip pain and hip motion limitation and thus influence the patient's activity ability and increase the difficulty of daily caring. Hip displacement in cerebral palsy is closely related to the gross motor functionclassification, and the higher the classification of gross motor, the greater the risk of displacement, and hip monitoring can significantly reduce the incidence of hip dislocation. Therefore, a consensus has been reached that a standardized hip surveillance programs and timely intervention are important to prevent the occurrence of hip dislocation and pain. The surgical strategies for hip displacement in CP can be divided into three types: preventive surgery, reconstructive surgery and salvage surgery.
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Objective:To establish a HPLC method for determinating 9 components simultaneously in Swertia chirayita. Methods:By useing water Sunfire C18 column (4.6 mm× 250 mm,5 μm); Gradient elution was carried out with methanol-0.05% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase. Setting the column temperature at 30 ℃, the flow rate at 1.0 ml/min, and the detection wavelength at 254 nm.Results:9 components showed good linear relationship within the injection quality range. The recovery rates of wertiamarin, Gentiopicroside, Angelica glycosides,Mangiferin, Isolysine, Gentianoside, Diol glycoside, 8-hydroxy-1,3,5 trimethoxyketone, and Daisy leaf gentinone were 95.38%, 92.41%, 95.14%, 91.87%, 92.24%, 92.51%, 95.08%, 91.72%, 95.74% ( n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, efficient, sensitive, accurate, economical and practical, with repeatability and stability. It could provide reference for the quality control and comprehensive utilization of Swertia chirayita.
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Objective:This study compares the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of two types of breast tissue markers to investigate the appropriate clinical application of the markers.Methods:Breast MRI of 69 patients (78 masses) with breast tissue markers had been placed were analyzed retrospectively from November 2015 to August 2018 in our hospital. The sizes and shapes of breast tissue markers were assessed in axial fat-suppressed T2-weighted images, T1-weighted images and contrast-enhanced T1-weighed images.Results:The length of the coil nickel-free stainless steel markers were greater than ribbon titanium markers, with statistical difference in fat-suppressed T2-weighted images ( P=0.039). In contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, all coil nickel-free stainless steel markers showed >6 mm diameter and round shape, and ribbon titanium markers showed >6 mm diameter ( n=20) or ≤6 mm diameter ( n=8), and round ( n=20), dot ( n=7) or band ( n=1) shapes. The categories of sizes and shapes in two types of breast tissue markers both had statistical significance ( P<0.001, P<0.001). Conclusions:Small breast lesions with breast tissue markers are not suitable for MRI evaluation. The artifact of ribbon titanium markers is smaller than coil nickel-free stainless steel markers, so they have less impact for lesions. The choice of the breast tissue markers and image evaluation methods should depend on the different clinical conditions.
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Objective: To establish the quality standard for Jiuwei Zhaxun pills. Methods: Fructus Chebulae, Flos Carthami and Herba Dracocephali Heterophylli were identified by TLC. HPLC was used to determine the content of gallic acid in Jiuwei Zhaxun pills. Results: TLC showed clear sports without any interference from the negative control. Gallic acid showed a good linear relationship (r=0. 999 7) within the range of 0. 028 6-0. 572 0 μg. The average recovery was 97. 74% with the RSD of 0. 95% (n=6). Conclusion:The methods are with strong specificity, high sensitivity and good reproducibility, which can be applied in the quality control of Jiuwei Zhaxun pills.
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Objective:To establish a TLC identification method for three medicinal ingredients and a GC method for the content determination of metnthol in Baihua Dingchuan tablets. Methods:Citrus Reticulata, Ephedra Sinica and Schisandra Chinensis were i-dentified by TLC. GC was used to determine the content of menthol in Baihua Dingchuan tablets. The chromatographic conditions were as follows:a DM-5 capillary column(30 m × 0. 53 mm, 1. 5 μm) was adopted. The injection port temperature was 200℃. An FID was used as the detector and the temperature was 300℃. The temperature program was as follows:the initial column temperature was 80℃, and then rose to 120℃ at the rate of 8 ℃· min-1 , finally rose to 185 ℃ at the rate of 15 ℃· min-1 and maintained for 10 min. The carrier gas was nitrogen and the flow rate was 3. 0 ml·min-1 . The sample size was 1 μl. Split injection was performed with the diversion ratio of 1 :5. Results: The three traditional Chinese medicines could be identified by TLC. The content of menthol showed a good linear relationship within the range of 1. 484-74. 200μg · ml-1 ( r =0. 9998 ) by GC. The average recovery was 97. 76% RSD=0 . 58%(n=9). Conclusion:The methods are specific and simple with good reproducibility. They can be used for the quality control of Baihua Dingchuan tablets.
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Objective:To establish a TLC identification method for three medicinal ingredients and a GC method for the content determination of metnthol in Baihua Dingchuan tablets. Methods:Citrus Reticulata, Ephedra Sinica and Schisandra Chinensis were i-dentified by TLC. GC was used to determine the content of menthol in Baihua Dingchuan tablets. The chromatographic conditions were as follows:a DM-5 capillary column(30 m × 0. 53 mm, 1. 5 μm) was adopted. The injection port temperature was 200℃. An FID was used as the detector and the temperature was 300℃. The temperature program was as follows:the initial column temperature was 80℃, and then rose to 120℃ at the rate of 8 ℃· min-1 , finally rose to 185 ℃ at the rate of 15 ℃· min-1 and maintained for 10 min. The carrier gas was nitrogen and the flow rate was 3. 0 ml·min-1 . The sample size was 1 μl. Split injection was performed with the diversion ratio of 1 :5. Results: The three traditional Chinese medicines could be identified by TLC. The content of menthol showed a good linear relationship within the range of 1. 484-74. 200μg · ml-1 ( r =0. 9998 ) by GC. The average recovery was 97. 76% RSD=0 . 58%(n=9). Conclusion:The methods are specific and simple with good reproducibility. They can be used for the quality control of Baihua Dingchuan tablets.
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Objective To investigate the influencing factors of medication compliance of glucocorticoid for patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Method The outline in-depth interviews with 15 patients with ILD was done using content analysis method, and the influence factors of patients medication compliance were analyzed. Result The influence factors of medication compliance in ILD patients can be summarized as the following three themes: patients′individual factors, factors related to medical and absence of social and family support. Conclusion Nurses should master the influencing factors of hormone medication adherence in ILD patients, ready to take appropriate intervention measures, improve the medication compliance in patients with ILD hormone and promote their rehabilitation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide a reference for the standardization of Tibetan medicine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Investigating the hospital preparations , Tibetan formulated products, and the literature recorded preparations in the Tibetan, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces. Moreover, the varieties, original bases and standard conditions of these preparations were analyzed. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Tibetan medicine part of ministerial standard, Tibetan medicine standards and related monographs and literatures of Tibetan medicine.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>About 502 various of herbs were used in 711 hospital preparations from 40 medical institutions, Tibetan formulated products from Tibetan pharmaceutical factories, and 439 literature recorded preparations. About 154 herbs were used in more than 10 preparations, while most of them were Tibetan endemic species. About 416 medicinal varieties have the original documented basis, including 287 botanicals, 78 animal medicines, 51 mineral medicines, involving a total of 94 families, 261 genus and 643 species of botanical origin (including species of the next grade), 35 families, 52 genera and 61 species of the animal origin (including species of the next grade). About 122 varieties of herbs were cross-used in the traditional Chinese medicine and Tibetan medicine, about 80% of Tibetan medicinal varieties are produced in the Tibetan Areas of Tibet Plateau. About 293 medicinal varieties were contained in the above standards. Most of the herb's standards only contains character, indentification, and examination, except for 8 varieties which were recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010) as Tibetan medicine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study of quality standard of Tibetan medicine should have an emphasis on the general varieties, especially the study on the arrangement research and the efficacious material basis of the varieties and the original, as well as term standardization of the National Medicine.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Medicine, Tibetan Traditional , Reference Standards , Plants, Medicinal , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect and possible mechanism of Apelin in candate on the pain behavior of rat. Methods Tail flick latency(TFL)of rat was taken as pain threshold and radiant heat as nociceptive stimulus. Microinjected Apelin into rat's caudate to observe the effect of Apelin on modulating of pain in CNS and then to study the interaction between Apelin and morphine in modulation of pain.And the contents of cAMP and cGMP in candate tissue and blood plasma were detected.Results Compared with control groups,the pain threshold of rat decreased when Apelin Was injected into caudate alone.Injected 0.5μl Apelin of 10~(-4) moL/L into rat caudate 10 min later,the pain threshold of rat Was reduced(-9.22±1.26)%and 40 min later(-16.95±1.46)%compared with normal saline group(-0.32±1.2)%,(0.17±0.80)%),and it had statistical significance(P<0.01).The contents of cAMP in caudate Was(14.08±2.25)nmol/g and blood plasma(19.94± 4.43)nmol/L compared with normal saline(133.05±20.41)nmol/g,(38.66±6.73)nmol/L,and they had statistical significance(P<0.01).Conclusions Apelin can facilitate the pain behavior of rat induced by radiant heat stimulus and consequently plays a hyperalgesia role in CNS.Apelin may have interaction with morphine and display its hyperalgesia effect through the intracellular second messenger cAMP.
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BACKGROUND: Apelin/APJ system has a wide range of physiological functions,but its intracellular signal transduction,in particular,apelin receptor desensitization,internalization,resensitization degradation,have still no consistent opinion.OBJECTIVE: To construct eukaryotic expression vector expressing human apelin receptor(APJ)tagged to red fluorescent protein(pDsRED-express-C1),and to determine the expression in human embryo kidney 293 cells.METHODS: The plasmid pcDNA3.1-hAPJ was used as a template for PCR amplification of human APJ.Following PCR amplification the PCR product were removed and enzymatic digestion with EcoR I and BamH I.Same enzymes were used to cut vector pDsRED-express-C1.The digestive product was ligated by conventional methods of connection,then transfected into Competent E.coli TOP10.Single clones were picked plasmid extraction,followed by restriction enzyme digestion and finally DNA sequencing.The recombinant plasmid with correct sequencing was transfected into human embryonic kidney cells,PI staining,followed by the observation under a confocal microscope.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PCR amplified a 1.2-kb fragment,which was consistent with the expected size of the human APJ.The pDsRed-hAPJ recombinant plasmid was cut into two fragments,one corresponded to the pDsRED-express-C1 vector size,and the other fragment corresponded to APJ target fragment.Confocal microscopy analysis showed that,APJ was expressed mainly in the membrane of human embryo kidney 293 cells.The pDeRed-hAPJ eukaryotic plasmid expression vector was successfully constructed and effective expression of this fusion protein is achieved,which might be instrumental in the study of displacement and intracellular localization of human APJ.
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Objective To explore the therapeutic effect,advantages and shortcomings of pleural effusion controlled by interrupted drainage via central venous catheter.Methods The research group had 52 cases with pleural effusion controHed by interrupted drainage via central venous catheter,and the control group had 50 cases with pleural effusion controlled by conventional pleuracentesis.Pleural effusion disappearing time,average hospitalization time,pleuracentesis frequency,related therapy expenses and complications of two groups were observed and compared.Results The pleuracentesis frequency,pleural effusion disappearing time,average hospitalization time,related therapy expenses and per capita incidence of complications of the research group were(1.06±1.30)times,(4.31±2.20)days,(9.87±2.30)days,(264.77±37.20)yuan and 9.62%and in the control group were(4.20±2.60)times,(9.92±3.70)days,(15.08±5.80)days,(487.62±55.56)yuan and 38.00%.The differences between two groups were particularly remarkable.Conclusion The method of pleural effusion controlled by interruptod drainage via central venous catheter is safe,eonvenient,economical and microtraumatic,and it is worth using more widely.
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Object To study the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Selaginella stauntoniana Spring. Methods Various chromatographic techniques were employed for the isolation and purification of its constituents, and structurally identified by spectral analysis (IR, UV, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR) and chemical evidence. Results Four compounds were identified from its extract as: emodin (Ⅰ), ginkgetin (Ⅱ), hinokiflavone (Ⅲ), amentoflavone (Ⅳ). Conclusion All the compounds were isolated in this plant for the first time; compound Ⅰ was found from the plants of Selaginellaceae Beauv. for the first time.