ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate and analyze the fluids intake, urine output and hydration status during spring among male college athletics from one university in Beijing, and to provide scientific evidence for launching targeted health education.@*Methods@#A simple random sampling method was used to select 109 male students in college with habit of exercise.Total drinking fluids was assessed by 7-day 24-hour fluid intake questionnaire. The water from food was assessed by the duplicate portion method and the weight method. The urine samples of 24-hour was collected for 3 consecutive days, and the volume, osmolality and specific gravity of urine were measured. The energy expenditure in exercise was estimated by using the exercise plan.@*Results@#The median drinking fluids intake, water from food, total fluids intake and urine volume were 1 789, 955, 2 701, 850 mL/d, respectively. 15.6% of the subjects were in proper hydration status, and 43.1% of the subjects were in dehydration. The differences between drinking fluids intake, water from food, total fluids intake and urine volume of subjects in the different BMI and BF% levels were not significant(P>0.05). The differences between drinking fluids intake and total fluids intake of subjects in the different energy expenditure in exercise levels were significant(χ2=9.20, 8.43, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Comparing with the normal college students, the drinking fluids intake and total fluids intake of male sports people were higher, the volume of urine was lower, and the hydration status was worse. The targeted health education about water intake was recommended.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the urination behavior in spring among college students in Hebei Province.@*Methods@#In March 2017, the subjects were recruited in a college in Baoding, Hebei Province. And 156 students completed the investigation. The urine samples of 24 hour was collected for 3 consecutive days by special device, and the volume, the voids and the time of urine were measured.@*Results@#The average volume of urine per day was 1 279 mL, the average void of urine per day was 6.2, and the average volume of urine per time was 209 mL. The volume of urine and void were mainly at the time of after lunch, the volume, the proportion of the volume and void of urine were 406 mL, 31.0% and 1.7 times respectively. The volumes and the voids of urine were different in different time periods(P<0.05). The volume of urine, the proportion of the volume and the voids of urine were mainly at the time of morning, followed by the afternoon. The average volume of urine per day was 535 mL, the proportion of the volume was 44.1% and the average void of urine was 2.3, in the morning. There were significant differences in the voids of urine, the volumes of urine and the voids of urine in different time periods between boys and girls(χ2=73.71, 47.48, 34.92; 35.17, 21.30, 20.69; 37.02, 25.30, 15.32, P<0.05). The void of urine was negatively correlated with the average volume of urine per time(r=-0.61, P<0.01); the volume of urine was positively correlated with the average volume of urine per time(r=0.79, P<0.01); the void was not correlated with the volume of urine(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The urination behaviour of college students in Hebei Province was mainly at the time of after lunch, in the morning and in the afternoon. The college students had unhealthy urination behavior, which was in need of related health education.
ABSTRACT
Aiming to the fact that the distribution modules of the C3 I simulation system originally developed based on TCP/IP protocol has to be compatible with the present HLA (High Level of Architecture) rules, three methods for implementing the interaction of HLA and TCP/IP subsystems are presented to make the original TCP/IP modules directly used in the HLA-based C3 I system without redevelopment. The three methods are agent method, middleware method and gateway method. Moreover, the implementation of gateway method via VC++ as well as the key technology is discussed.
ABSTRACT
Aiming to the fact that the distribution modules of the C3I simulation system originally developed based on TCP/IP protocol has to be compatible with the present HLA (High Level of Architecture) rules, three methods for implementing the interaction of HLA and TCP/IP subsystems are presented to make the original TCP/IP modules directly used in the HLA-based C3I system without redevelopment. The three methods are agent method, middleware method and gateway method. Moreover, the implementation of gateway method via VC++ as well as the key technology is discussed.