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Objective:To provide a normal reference range for anogenital distance (AGD) in full-term neonates and to investigate factors possibly affecting neonatal AGD.Methods:Neonates with gestational age ≥37 weeks who were delivered in the Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from November 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled.General information on mothers and newborns were collected and neonatal AGD were measured.The distance from the male anus center to the base of the scrotum was determined to be the male AGD, and the distance from the female anus center to the posterior labia was recorded as the female AGD.The effects of maternal and neonatal factors on neonatal AGD were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 078 newborns were included, including 586 males and 492 females.Male AGD [(22.90±3.80) mm] was significantly greater than female AGD [(11.80±2.10) mm] ( t=22.316, P<0.05). The AGD of singleton neonates was significantly greater than that of neonatal twins [males: (23.01±3.82) mm vs.(21.18±1.88) mm, females: (11.89±2.08) mm vs.(10.98±1.75) mm, t=26.185, 18.326, all P<0.05]. Neonatal gestational age, birth weight, head circumference and length were significantly associated with AGD (all P<0.05). Maternal factors (including age, height, weight, body mass index, gravidity, parity, occupation, etc.) were not significantly associated with neonatal AGD (all P>0.05). The AGD of 10 children with genital malformation was significantly smaller than that of males with normal genital appearance [(22.89±1.99) mm vs.(23.55±3.78) mm]( t=15.362, P=0.006). Conclusions:The reference ranges of AGD in full-term males and females in Shanghai are(22.90±3.80) mm and (11.80±2.10) mm, respectively.The neonatal gestational age, birth weight, head circumference and length may be the intrinsic factors affecting neonatal AGD.
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10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2013.06.012
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Purpose To evaluate the effects of ambroxol on prevention of premature babies with hyaline membrane disease(HMD) with prenatal corticosteroids. Methods Premature neonates gestational age 26-36 weeks were divided into two groups,receiving:(1) Ambroxol 30 mg/kg through umbilical vein at birth(group A,n=28) and (2) a control group not given ambroxol (group B,n=35).All the babies were exposed prenatally corticosteroids. Results (1) Occurrence rate of HMD in group A was 0%,group B was 11.4%,there was significant difference (P<0.05).(2) Mean fetal age of group A was 32.47+/-4.5 pregnant weeks,group B is 32.86+/-7.1 weeks.No significant difference existed.(3) Different fetal age in gruop B,such as pregnant weeks≤32,33-34,35-36,the HMD rate was separately 28.7%,15.38% and 0%,no case was found in group A.(4) There cases of 12 neonatal asphyxia happened in group B,but none of 6 in group A. Conclusions Definite effect can be received by applying ambroxol to prevent premature infant HMD after delivery on the bases of adenotropin before delivery.