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OBJECTIVE To interpret Teacher Training Syllabus for Clinical Pharmacist Training Program （2023 edition） （hereinafter referred as to the “new syllabus”）， and to provide reference and guidance for promoting the implementation of the new syllabus and realizing the quality-improving goal of the reform of the clinical pharmacist teacher training program initiated by China Hospital Association. METHODS From the perspective of the management and based on the position of the designer， the new syllabus was interpreted from four aspects： the background of its compilation and release， the process of its compilation and its characteristics， the key improvements of the program and the points for attention about its subsequent implementation. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The development and release of the new syllabus provide a “construction blueprint” for the reform of the clinical pharmacist teacher training program of the China Hospital Association. The whole process of compiling the new syllabus is characterized by four basic features： theory-led， goal-oriented， research-based， and synergistic. Compared with the previous syllabus， in addition to the adjustment of the text structure，the new syllabus presents more complete and clearer competence requirements for clinical teaching competence in terms of training objectives； in terms of training content， it further structures the group of task items， pays attention to the 育。E-mail：zhenjiancun@163.com sequential planning and time arrangement of items， and puts forward both quantitative and qualitative refinement requirements for each specific training task；in terms of training methods， it emphasizes the interaction of lecturing， demonstrating and guiding， and the progression of observation， operation and reflection， with the intention of guiding teacher trainees to “learn how to teach by teaching”. In the subsequent implementation of the new syllabus， it is necessary for the teacher training bases to attach great importance to the guarantee of training conditions and process quality management， and to organize the teacher training team to do a good job in the two training programs of “clinical pharmacist training” and “clinical pharmacist teacher training”. Based on further improving the connection between the two training programs， the teacher training team should continue to explore the scientific model of clinical pharmacist teacher training oriented by clinical teaching competence.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical efficacy of raloxifene and clomiphene in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)complicated with infertility. METHODS:In retrospective study,clinical information of 137 PCOS patients with infertility in our hospital during Jun. 2012-Feb. 2015 were selected and divided into raloxifene group(70 cases)and clomiphene group(67 cases)according to therapy plan. Raloxifene group received Raloxifene tablet 120 mg at the fifth day of menstrual cy-cle,qd,for consecutive 5 d. Clomiphene group received Clomiphene citrate capsule 100 mg at the fifth day of menstrual cycle, qd,for consecutive 5 d. Both groups received B-ultrasound to detect the follicular diameter and endometrial development at the twelfth day of menstrual cycle. When endometrial thickness was ≥7 mm and the diameter of one follicle was ≥18 mm at least,all patients received abdominal subcutaneous injection of Triptorelin acetate injection 0.1 mg to induce ovulation;after 48 h,ovulation was confirmed by B ultrasound. The patients with insufficient luteal function should take dydrogesterone 10 mg as appropriate,q12 h,till 15 d after ovulation. The endometrial thickness,the number of follicles with diameter≥18 mm and follicular maturation time were compared between 2 groups on the day of injection. The sex hormone levels before treatment and on the day of injection,as well as ovulation,outcome indexes and the occurrence of ADR in 2 groups were compared. RESULTS:The endometrial thickness of raloxifene group was greater than that of clomiphene group;the number of follicles with diameter ≥18 mm was more than clo-miphene group;the follicular maturation time was shorter than clomiphene group,with statistical significance(P0.05). Compared to before treatment,there was no statistical significance in serum levels of P,E2,FSH or LH in 2 groups on the day of injection(P>0.05). Serum levels of LH in 2 groups were decreased significantly,and serum level of LH in raloxifene group was significantly lower than in clomiphene group,with statistical significance(P0.05). There was no statistical significance in the total incidence of ADR (5.71% vs. 8.96%)between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Raloxifene has better ovulation induction effect than clomi-phene,and it can improve the sex hormone levels of PCOS patients with infertility,with few ADR,and similarity in long-term clinical effect with clomiphene.
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Objective To investigate the role of microRNA-490-5p (miR-490-5p) in the regulation of visceral sensitivity in rats with intestinal dysfunction.Methods The lentivirus vector system was used to construct the rno-miRNA-490-5p lentivirus expression vector.The rats were divided into normal group,diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) group,lentivirus empty vector group and the siRNA silent group and the latter three groups were model groups.The efficiency of siRNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The rats were gavaged with 10％ India ink,and then the time of first black stool,water content of feces and threshold of expansion capacity caused abdominal elevation or back arching were calculated.The visceral sensitivity of rats after miRNA-490-5p silenced was evaluated with abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score by stimulating with different intensities of colonic dilatation.The abdominal electrical activity of rats stimulated by colonic distension was measured by BL-420F biological and functional experimental system.The change of the tension of rats isolated colon intestinal stimulated with acetylcholine chloride was also detected by BL-420F biological and functional experimental system.T test was used to compare the differences between the model groups and the normal group.One way analysis of variance was performed for multi-group comparison after miRNA-490-5p interfered.For comparison between two groups among multiple groups,least significant difference (LSD) method was used when the variance was equal,and Games-Howell method was used when the variance was unequal.Results The gastrointestinal propulsion time and the threshold of expansion capacity caused abdominal elevation or back arching of model groups were both lower than those of the normal group ((8.54±4.07) hvs (12.33±2.23) h,(0.56±0.08) mL vs (0.84±0.09) mL),and the differences were statistically significant (t =2.62 and 6.37,both P ＜ 0.05).After distension with 0.8 mL and 1.2 mL sodium chloride solution,the AWR scores of model groups were significantly higher than those of the normal group (3.20±0.56 vs 1.20±0.45,3.73±0.46 vs 2.60±0.55),and the differences were statistically significant (t=7.20 and 4.58,both P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in AWR score between the model groups and the normal group when distended with 1.6 mL sodium chloride solution (3.93 ±0.26 vs 3.80 ± 0.45) (P＞0.05).After miRNA-490-5p silenced,gastrointestinal propulsion time of normal group,IBS-D group,lentivirus empty vector group and the siRNA silent group was (11.12±1.01) h,(6.23±3.17) h,(6.09 ± 2.26) h and (12.36±1.97) h,and the differences among four groups were statistically significant (F=10.55,P＜0.01).The abdominal electrical activity of normal group,IBS-D group,lentivirus empty vector group and the siRNA silent group distension stimulated with 0.8 mL and 1.2 mL sodium chloride solution was (64.91 ± 10.50),(101.79 ±11.73),(80.49±1.27),(66.92±3.24) μV,and (105.09±52.40),(131.71± 16.74),(111.00±6.41) and (95.49± 4.2) μV,and the differences among four groups were statistically significant (F=16.82 and 9.14,both P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in abdominal electrical activity amplitude between silenced group and normal group ((66.92±3.24) μV vs (64.91±10.49) μV and (95.49±4.22) μV vs (105.09±2.40) μV) (all P＞ 0.05).After distension with 1.6 mL sodium chloride solution,the abdominal electrical activity amplitudeof silenced group was lower than the other groups,and the differences were statistically significant (F=11.09,P＜0.01).After adding 1∶1 000 acetylcholine chloride added,the tension of colon of normal group,IBS-D group,lentivirus empty vector group and the siRNA silent group increased by 0.71 ± 0.21,0.81±0.06,0.88±0.21 and 0.43±0.07,however there was no significant difference among the four groups (F=2.57,P =0.100).Conclusions Visceral hypersensitivity existed in rats with intestinal dysfunction.miRNA-490-5p may be involved in the regulation of visceral sensitivity.
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Objective To evaluate the safety of basillixirnab in pediatric liver transplantation (PLT).Methods Retrospectively,256 cases (hospitalized from Jan.2014 to Dec.2015) were divide into groups in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria.A group of 137 children transplanted under tacrolimus-steroid as baseline immunosuppressants combined with basilliximab induction (basilliximab group),and a group of 84 PLT recipients were treated with a tacrolimus-steroid regimen (control group) were set up.Two groups were compared regarding rejection incidence,infectious complications,as well as the kidney function and electrolyte within the three months after operations.Results Infectious complications and rejection incidence were 32.8％ and 8.3％ in basilliximab group,versus 27.4％ and 14.3％ in control group (all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,calcium,potassium and phosphate between two groups.Conclusion Although basilliximab may decrease the rejection incidence,the effect is not significant.The main reason may be the small sample size,and further observation is still needed.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of metformin on sex hormone level,insulin resistance and related indexes in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS). METHODS:79 PCOS women were collected as PCOS group,other 86 healthy women as control group. All patients received 0.85 g Metformin tablet,twice a day,for totally 6 months. Boby mass,BMI,waist circumference,hip circumference,ratio of waist to hip,glycated hemoglobin,T,DHEA-S,E2,LH,FSH,PRL,PROG,SHBG, FPG,FINS,LH/FSH,HOMA-IR and FAI before and after treatment in PCOS group were observed and compared with control group. RESULTS:During treatment,2 patients made withdrawal because of pregnancy,3 made withdrawal because of showing gastrointestinal side effects,2 were lost to follow,totally 72 completed it. After treatment,body mass,BMI,waist circumference, hip circumference,glycated hemoglobin,FINS,HOMA-IR,T,LH,LH/FSH,PROG,FAI in PCOS group were significantly low-er than before,SHBG was significantly higher than before,glycated hemoglobin and PROG were lower than control group,while waist circumference,FINS,HOMA-IR,LH/FSH and FAI were higher than control group,the differences were statistically signifi-cant (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Metformin can effectively improve the sex hormone levels and insulin resistance of patients with PCOS.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the new mode and new method for the teaching work mode of clinical pharmacists in phar-maceutical ward rounds. METHODS:Medicine comprehensive ward rounds mode centered by teachers and independent pharmaceu-tical rounds interrogation mode centered by clinical pharmacist trainees were respectively tried by clinical pharmacists to guide clini-cal pharmaceutical cares. Three-level mode of medical rounds was used for reference. Teaching rounds by trainees,teaching staff and teachers were tried to train the learning and practice ability of different levels of trainees. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Ac-cording to the different forms of exploration of teaching work mode in pharmaceutical ward rounds,trainees,teaching staff and teachers has practiced and improved in the pharmacy professional practice skills. Pharmaceutical ward rounds are the important parts of work,and different teaching modes are significant for the advanced quality of trainees.