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Objective:To investigate the effects of early sleep deprivation(SD) on depressive-like behavior and hippocampus synaptic plasticity in adult mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) model.Methods:Thirty 2-week-old clean grade male mice were randomly divided into control group (CON group), CUMS group and SD + CUMS group according to the random number table, with 10 mice in each group. The mice in SD + CUMS group were subjected with sleep deprivation for 4 hours once a day during puberty (3 ~ 6 weeks old), and then were stimulated by CUMS after adulthood (9 weeks old). The mice in CUMS group were subjected with CUMS at the age of 9 weeks. And the mice in CON group were not given any intervention.The depressive-like behavior was evaluated by body weight, sugar water preference, tail suspension test and forced swimming test.The density of dendritic spines of basal and apical neurons in hippocampal CA1 was measured by Golgi staining, the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current(mEPSC) of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice were measured by electro-physiological patch clamp technique.Graphpad prism 7.0 software was used for statistical analysis and mapping. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and Tukey test was used for further pairwise comparison.Results:(1) After stress modeling, there were significant differences in body weight, sugar water preference percentage, forced swimming immobility time and tail suspension time among the three groups ( F=71.63, 39.82, 44.13, 43.07, all P<0.01). Compared with CON group, the mice in CUMS group and SD+ CUMS group had lower body weight ((25.51±0.37) g, (22.92±0.31) g, (20.12±0.27) g, both P<0.01), lower sugar water percentage preference ((87.40±1.65) %, (63.42±3.33) %, (49.68±3.70)%, both P<0.01), longer immobile time of forced swimming ((34.30±5.32) s, (119.20±12.03) s, (153.80±9.17) s, both P<0.01) and longer immobile time of tail suspension test((115.20±8.19)s, (156.80±4.35) s, (192.00±4.12) s, both P<0.01). Compared with CUMS group, SD+ CUMS group had lower body weight ( P<0.01), lower sugar water preference percentage ( P<0.05), longer immobile time in forced swimming test( P<0.05) and longer immobile time in tail suspension test( P<0.01). (2) Golgi staining results showed that the densities of dendritic spines of apical neurons and basal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area of the three groups were significantly different ( F=38.41, 41.34, both P<0.01). The densities of dendritic spines of basal and apical hippocampal neurons in CUMS group and SD+ CUMS group were lower than those in CON group ((7.74±0.22)/10 μm, (6.58±0.27)/10 μm, (5.00±0.13)/10 μm, both P<0.01), ((8.90±0.23)/10 μm, (7.63±0.30)/10 μm, (6.01±0.14)/10 μm, both P<0.01). Compared with CUMS group, the mice in SD+ CUMS group had lower densities of dendritic spines of basal and apical hippocampal neurons(both P<0.01). (3) Electrophysiological results showed that there were significant differences in the frequency and amplitude of mEPSC in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of the three groups ( F=38.90, 63.37, both P<0.01). Compared with CON group, the frequency and amplitude of mEPSC in pyramidal neurons of CA1 in CUMS group and SD+ CUMS group were significantly lower ((0.39±0.03)Hz, (0.20±0.02)Hz, (0.07±0.02)Hz, both P<0.01; (9.98±0.31)pA, (7.74±0.21)pA, 6.36±0.13)pA, both P<0.01). Compared with CUMS group, the frequency and amplitude of mEPSC in SD+ CUMS group were lower (both P<0.01). Conclusion:Adolescent sleep deprivation aggravates depressive behavior and hippocampus synaptic plasticity impairment in adult CUMS model mice.
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Objective:Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been used in the diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) successfully, but there have been no multicenter prospective studies to verify its reliability or determine how to grade RDS with LUS findings.This study aimed to discuss the necessity and feasibility of using LUS findings to determine RDS grades through a multicenter prospective study.Methods:Every researcher participated in the National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Course and receiving 3-6 months of lung ultrasound system training at the National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center.Patients between June 2018 and May 2020 who met the RDS ultrasound diagnostic criteria and had full available clinical data were included in this study.The LUS examination was completed immediately after the patients were admitted to the hospital.Some of them also underwent chest X-ray examination.Arterial blood gas analysis was completed immediately before or after the LUS ultrasound examination.RDS grading was performed according to the LUS findings and whether the patient had serious complications.Results:A total of 275 qualifying cases were included in this study, which included 220 premature infants and 55 full-term infants, and the primary RDS occurred in 117 cases (42.5%), and secondary RDS occurred in 158 cases (57.5%). LUS manifestations of RDS patients can be divided into three categories: (1)A ground-glass opacity sign: which could be found among 50 infants when they were admitted to the hospital (that was, at their first LUS examination). Twenty-eight of these infants were considered to have wet lungs and were not sent for special management on admission, but LUS showed typical snowflake-like lung consolidation within 0.5 to 4 hours.Twenty-two of them were given mechanical ventilation with exogenous pulmonary surfactant; Eighteen cases were controlled within 6-12 hours, but the lung lesions became more severe in the other 4 infants (due to severe intrauterine infection). (2)Snowflake-like lung consolidations: the first LUS on admission showed typical snowflake-like lung consolidation involving areas ranging from 1-2 intercostal spaces to 12 lung divisions in 204 cases.Thirty-eight infants among them the lung consolidation only had involvement of 1-2 intercostal spaces at the time of admission; Fifteen of them received invasive respiratory support and recovered within 4-12 hours.Twelve patients received noninvasive respiratory support; Seven of them recovered, while five cases developed severe lung illness.The remaining 11 patients who were not given any form of ventilator support developed severe conditions within 1-4 hours.Thirty of them showed snowflake signs involving 12 lung regions at admission.The remaining 136 patients had lung consolidation degree between the two degree above condition.(3)Snowflake-like sign with complications: Twenty-one patients had severe complications such as pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage or/and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn or large area atelectasis, etc, although snowflake lung consolidation did not involve all lung regions.Conclusion:(1) LUS is reliable and accurate for diagnosing RDS.RDS has the same characteristics on ultrasound for both preterm and full-term infants, both primary and secondary RDS.(2) To facilitate the management of RDS, it is necessary to classify RDS according to the ultrasound findings and the presence of severe complications.(3) Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that RDS can be divided into mild, moderate and severe degrees.The exact standards for grading are as follows: Mild RDS: the early stage of RDS, in which lung consolidation shows as a ground-glass opacity sign on ultrasound; Moderate RDS: lung consolidation shows a snowflake sign on ultrasound, not all of the lung fields are involved; Severe RDS meets one or more of the following criteria: lung consolidation shows as a snowflake sign on ultrasound and all lung regions are involved, or regardless of its degree and extent, lung consolidation has caused serious complications, such as pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, or/and a large area of pulmonary atelectasis.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to produce cut-off values of fetal pulmonary artery stenosis (PS),allowing the application of Z-scores to evaluate fetal pulmonary artery.Methods A total of 214 normal singleton fetuses and 107 singleton fetuses with PS were included in this study.They were measured for standard biometry:biparietal diameter (BPD) and femoral diaphysis length (FL) and an assessment of gestation age (GA).The standardized fetal echocardiographic measurements included diameters of pulmonary valve annulus (PV),pulmonary artery (PA),ductus arteriosus (DA) and aorta (AO).Then we calculated the Z-scores from parameters of fetal size.The Z-scores differences of PV,PA,DA and AO in PS group were compared.The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of PV and PA Z-scores were obtained by statistical analysis.Results Compared with the normal group,the Z-scores of PV,PA and DA decreased in the PS group,whereas the Z-scores of AO increased (P ＜0.01 for all).The critical values of Z-score for PV in diagnosing PS with BPD,FL and GA as variables were-1.13,-1.33,-1.28,with sensitivity 94.2％,90.3％,93.5％,specificity 60.0％,65.0％,62.5％,respectively.The critical values of Z-score for PA with BPD,FL and GA as variables were-1.01,-0.98,-1.01,with sensitivity 96.8％,96.8％,96.1％,specificity 65.0％,65.0％,62.5％,respectively.Conclusions In the fetus with pulmonary artery stenosis,PV,PA and DA Z-scores decreased,while AO Z-scores increased.The pulmonary artery Z-scores had important application value in quantitative evaluation and diagnosis of mild fetal pulmonary artery stenosis.
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Objective To study the homology and clinical distribution of tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii )in a hospital.Methods Multidrug-resistant A.baumannii (MDRAB,n = 88 )from specimens from clinical departments of a hospital in 2013-2014 were collected and detected susceptibility to tigecy-cline;homology of tigecycline-resistant strains were detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE),clinical characteristics and distribution of infected patients were analyzed.Results 88 patients didn’t use tigecycline before MDRAB were isolated.Of 88 MDRAB strains,4 (4.55%)were resistant to tigecycline,which were No.10,31 , 33,and 87 strains.PFGE results revealed that No.31 ,33,and 87 strains were of the same genotype,and with high homology,which distributed in three different departments;No.31 strain was detected from general intensive care unit (ICU),No.33 strain was detected from emergency ICU,although strains were detected from different depart-ments,patients were transferred before strains were isolated,and were admitted to departments of gastrointestinal surgery and emergency ICU during the same period;No.87 strain was detected from neurosurgical ICU and patient had never been transferred,the detection time was 7-8 months later than No.31 and 33 strains.No.10 strain was isolated from emergency ICU,patient was not transferred.Conclusion Of MDRAB isolated in this hospital,tigecy-cline-resistant strains are low,most strains are homologous,cross infection may be exists in different departments.
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Objective To explore the distribution of Acinetobacter baumannii and its drug resistance to 17 antimicro-bial agents to provide basis for clinical treatment.Methods The data of 689 strains of A.baumannii from Jan.2010 to Dec. 2012 were collected and reviewed for bacterial identification and drug sensitive test and then analyzed using WHONET 5.4. Results 689 strains of A.baumannii isolates were broadly distributed in sputum (75.5%), most primarily isolated from the ICU (36.9%).The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the drug resistance rate of Ab was the highest to Bactrim (36.3%), followed by gentamicin (29.0%), and the lowest to cefperazone-sulbactam (8.0%).The drug resistance rate of Ab to cefperazone-sulbactam was the lowest (8.5%) in 2012.In the three years, the drug resistance rate of Ab to imipenem was the biggest rise (14.5%);while to gatifloxacin and levofloxacin declined.The drug resistance rate of Ab to gatifloxacin dropped by 13.1%, which was bigger than that to levofloxacin (9.5%).The drug resistance rates of Ab to the rest antimi-crobial agents fluctuated insignificantly, but were all in an increasing trend.Conclusion Acinetobacter baummannii mainly distribute in sputum of patients in the ICU and department of respiratory diseases, and its detection rate and drug resistance rate are increasing year by year.
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Objective To survey the status of clinical isolates multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae produ-cing KPC carbapenemase in Huizhou city of Guangdong Province .Methods 81 strains of multi-drug resistant Enter-obacteriaceae were collectded from 2009 to 2011 in Huizhou region.Modified Hodge test(MHT) was used to screen stains which may produce carbapenemase , modified three-dimensional test was used to detect ESBLs , AmpC and MBLs.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing methods were performed to confirm KPC genotypes . Results Of 81 strains multi-drug resistant enterobacteriaceae ,13 of which had passitive results were screened by modified Hodge test ,including 7 strains of Enterobacter cloacae ,4 strains of Klebsiella pneumonia and 2 strains of Escherichia coli;By modified three-dimensional test ,9 strains produced MBLs ,2 strains produced ESBLs ,1 strain pro-duced AmpC ,1 strain produced ESBLs and AmpC at the same time .KPC was amplified from a strain of Klebsiella pneumonia which produce ESBLs by PCR ,KPC-2 genetype was identified by gene sequencing .Conclusion Klebsiel-la pneumonia with KPC–2 carbapenemase has emerged in huizhou city ,but the production of metallo-beta-lactamase is the main cause that Enterobacteriaceae resist to carbapenemase drugs .
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Objective To explore characteristics of sleep structure and the correlation with cognitive function in cerebral infarction combined with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (CI-OSAHS).Methods The patients with CI-OSAHS and OSAHS in Department of Neurology and Breathing Sleep Monitoring Room of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from December 2009 till March 2011 were collected All the patients completed polysomography(PSG).Sixty patients were selected and divided into 3 groups based on PSG.These 3 groups were combined group 20 persons (CI-OSAHS),OSAHS group 20persons (OSAHS) and control group 20 persons (without cerebral infarction obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome).All the patients completed image examinations ( CT and MRI ) evaluation of the cognitive function by Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).Results Sleep structure:the awake time,non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) 1,NREM 2 and NREM periods in combined group and OSAHS group were significantly longer,the NREM3 + 4 and rapid eye movement(REM) periods were shorter than the control group.The NREM and NREM 1 periods in combined group were longer,the NREM 3 +4 and REM periods were shorter than the OSAHS group.The correlation analysis of cognitive function and breathing disorders and low oxygen related index:there was negative correlation between the total scores of cognitive function (MMSE and MoCA)and apnea hyponea index,oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ( MMSE r =-0.450,-0.671,MoCA r =-0.486,- 0.494,all P ＜0.05) while,was positive correlation between them and noctumal average hypoxemia and minimum hypoxemia ( MMSE r =0.477,0.485,MoCA r =0.507,0.482,all P ＜0.05) in the OSAHS group.There was negative correlation between ODI,arousal index and the total scores of MoCA in the combined group (MoCA r=-0.463,0.480,both P＜0.05),there was correlation between the total scores of MMSE and the other sleep parameters,but,there was no difference in statistics.The correlation analysis of cognitive function and sleep stages:There was positive correlation between the total scores of cognitive function ( MMSE and MoCA) and the NREM 3 + 4 periods ( r =0.521,0.474,both P ＜ 0.05 ) while,there was negative correlation between the total scores of MMSE and the N REM 1 + 2 periods (r =-0.458,P ＜ 0.05 )in the OSAHS group.There was positive correlation between the REM period and the total scores of MoCA (r =0.472,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was correlation between the total scores of MMSE and the sleep structure,but,there was no difference in statistics in combined group.Conclusions Patients with OSAHS have obvious sleep structure disorder.The awake time and light sleep periods are significantly longer than the control group,while,the deep sleep and REM periods are significantly shorter than the control group.The NREM 1 of the patients with CI-OSAHS is longer than the patients with OSAHS.The higher the AHI,the lower the night blood oxygen,the more obvious cognitive dysfunction The longer the awake time,the longer the light sleep,the shorter the deep sleep and REM periods,the more serious cognitive dysfunction.The correlation between the cognitive impairment and low oxygen is more apparent than sleep structure.There is apparent correlation among the total scores of MoCA,the degree of hypoxia and sleep structure in the patients with CI-OSAHS.The total scores of MoCA are more sensitivity than MMSE in mild vascular cognitive impairment.
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@#Objective To investigate the reliability and validity of the E-LINK system for measuring hand strength. Methods 25 healthy adults were recruited to measure the strength of hand using E-LINK system and Jamar respectively. They were measured again 5 d later. Results The intra- and inter-rater reliability of hand strength measurement was satisfactory (ICC>0.75), as well as validity ( Pearson r>0.75, P<0.01). Conclusion E-LINK system can measure hand strength well.
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Medical inorganic chemistry is one of the most important basic courses to bioinformatics specialty,according to the requirements of curriculum;the paper introduces a series of reform and practice in inorganic chemistry teaching content,teaching method and form.These stimulate the students'study interest,enhance educational effect,and let this curriculum serve professional curriculums.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) on injury following transient Mg 2+ free treatment in vitro in developing cortical neurons. Methods: Embryo cortical neurons of rats cultured for 6 d and 17 d were directly exposed to Mg 2+ free media, or pretreated with NMDA receptor antagonists or calcium channel antagonist before being exposed to Mg 2+ free media. MTT assay was used to study the injury of neurons. [Ca 2+ ] i were measured using fluo 3, a fluorescent calcium sensitive dye and laser scanning confocal microscope, and calculated by the fluorescent intensity. Results:Compared with control, MTT conversion rates decreased after transient (3 h) Mg 2+ free treatment in neurons cultured for 6 d and 17 d in vitro, (59.1?6.87)% and (51.2?5.90)%, respectively. In neurons pre and co treated with 10 ?mol?L -1 MK 801, 50 ?mol?L -1 AP 5 and 10 ?mol?L -1 nifedipine, MTT conversion rates were higher than those of neurons with only Mg 2+ free treatment. Peak values of [Ca 2+ ] i in neurons cultured for 6 d and 17 d were 2.4?0.23 and 3.2?0.32, respectively Peak value of neurons 17 d in vitro was significantly higher than that of neurons 6 d in vitro (P
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Objective: To study the protection of IL 1ra in cultured developing neuron injury following Mg 2+ free induced epileptiform discharges. Methods: Rat embryo cortical neurons cultured for 6 d and 17 d were directly exposed to Mg 2+ free media, or pretreated with IL 1 receptor antagonist or NMDA receptor antagonists before being exposed to Mg 2+ free media, and then returned to regular media.MTT assay was used to study mitochondrial function injury, laser scanning confocal microscope to measure [Ca 2+ ]i, and real time RT PCR to detect gene mRNA expression. Results:(1) MTT conversion rates were higher in neurons pre and co treated with 10 mg/L IL 1ra than those of neurons with only Mg 2+ free treatment in neurons cultured for 17 d, but not in neurons cultured for 6 d.(2) [Ca 2+ ]i was lower in neurons pre and co treated with 10 mg/L IL 1ra than those of neurons with only Mg 2+ free treatment, either in neurons cultured for 6 d or in neurons cultured for 17 d, and the effects of IL 1ra on [Ca 2+ ]i change were different between neurons cultured for 6 d and neurons cultured for 17 d.(3) Pre and co treated with 10 mg/L IL 1ra NR1 mRNA expression increase induced by Mg 2+ free treatment was decreased, either in neurons cultured for 6 d or neurons cultured for 17 d, and this effect showed no difference between neurons cultured for 6 d and 17 d; Pre and co treated with 10 mg/L IL 1ra NR2A mRNA expression increase induced by Mg 2+ free treatment in neurons cultured for 17 d was decreased, and NR2A mRNA expression showed no difference between IL 1ra group and age matched control group, but have no effect on neurons cultured for 6 d; Pre and co treated with 10 mg/L IL 1ra have NR2B mRNA expression increase induced by Mg 2+ free treatment was not affected, either in neurons cultured for 6 d or neurons cultured for 17 d. Conclusion:Neuroprotection of IL 1Ra in seizure induced injury is age dependent. The mech anism of the neuroprotection of IL 1Ra includes down regulation of [Ca 2+ ]i and others.