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The gut microbiome shows changes under a plateau environment, while the disbalance of intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, the relationship between the two remains unexplored. In this work, we followed up a healthy cohort for up to a year before and after living in a plateau environment and performed 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing analysis of their fecal samples. Through evaluating the participants' clinical symptoms, combined with an IBS questionnaire, we screened the IBS sub-population in our cohort. The sequencing results showed that a high-altitude environment could lead to changes in the diversity and composition of gut flora. In addition, we found that the longer the time volunteers spent in the plateau environment, the more similar their gut microbiota composition and abundance became compared to those before entering the plateau, and IBS symptoms were significantly alleviated. Therefore, we speculated that the plateau may be a special environment that induces IBS. The taxonomic units g_Alistipes, g_Oscillospira, and s_Ruminococcus_torques, which had been proved to play important roles in IBS pathogenesis, were also abundant in the IBS cohort at high altitudes. Overall, the disbalance of gut microbiota induced by the plateau environment contributed to the high frequency of IBS and the psychosocial abnormalities associated with IBS. Our results prompt further research to elucidate the relevant mechanism.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effects of Polygonum hydropiper extract on acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML)in rats. METHODS:48 rats were randomly divided into normal group(normal saline),model group(normal saline), positive group(ranitidine hydrochloride,0.05 g/kg),P. hydropiper extract low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(2.7, 8.1,24.3 g/kg by crude drug),i.g. for consecutive 7 d,once a day. Except for normal group,other groups were given absolute ethyl alcohol to induce AGMI model after 1 h of last administration. 1.5 h after modeling,gastric mucosal lesion index of rats was calculated;the pathological changes of gastric tissue in rats were observed;nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2)content and SOD activity in gastric tissue of rats were determined by ELISA. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,the gastric mucosa of model group was damaged obviously,there was blood capillary rupture in submucosa,gastric mucosal lesion index was increased significantly(P<0.01);Nrf2 content and SOD activity were significantly decreased in gastric tissue of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group,gastric mucosal lesion of rats was relieved to different extent;in positive group,P. hydropiper extract medium-dose and high-dose groups,gastric mucosal lesion index was decreased significantly(P<0.05),and Nrf2 content and SOD activity were increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:P. hydropiper extract has good protective effect on absolute ethyl alcohol-induce AGMI,the mechanism of which may be associated with raising Nrf2 content and enhancing SOD activity in gastric mucosal tissue.
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Two-dimensional code technology is widely used in daily life,and its application is relatively rare in medical education.Students organized write the Chinese and English slices' information by the way of extracurricular teaching activities,and two-dimensional code transformed from slices' information as label was pasted onto slice to made slice specimen with two-dimensional code.The students can quickly and accurately read the slice information by scanning the two-dimensional code.This practice can stimulate students' interest in learning and creative ability.It not only creates convenient conditions for the opening of the histology experiment and the independent study of the students,but also provides a way of thinking for the information management of the experimental teaching.
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The incidence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing year by year in China, and NAFLD has become one of the common chronic diseases that affect the health of Chinese residents.This article introduces the role of lifestyle intervention,reviews the types of drugs used in the treatment of NAFLD and their value,summarizes the methods and approaches for improving intestinal flora,and analyzes the clinical and economic benefits of surgical intervention in the treatment of NAFLD.It is pointed out that strengthening the effective management of patients with NAFLD may be a new research direction in the future for the treatment of this disease.
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Objective:To investigate the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and heat shock protein 70(HSP70)in the placenta tissue of the patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome(PIH), and to elucidate the clinical significances of their expressions in the placenta tissue of the patients with PIH. Methods:Twenty-two cases of placenta tissue of the PIH patients(PIH group)and eighteen cases of placenta tissue of the normal pregnant women(control group)were selected.The expressions of HIF-1αand HSP70 were detected by immunohistochemical method.The differences of potive expressions rates of HIF-1α and HSP70 in placenta tissue of the PIH patients and the normal pregnant women and their relationships in placenta tissue of the PIH patients were analyzed.Results:The positive expression rate of HIF-1α in placenta tissue of the patients in PIH group(81.8%)was higher than that of the normal pregnant women in control group(38.9%)(χ2=7.785,P=0.005),and the positive expression rate of HSP70 in placenta tissue of the patients in PIH group(90.9%)was higher than that of the normal pregnant women in control group(55.6%)(χ2=6.599,P=0.010).Eighteen cases of placenta tissue with HIF-1α positive expression in the PIH patients had HSP70 positive expression(100.0%);among four cases of placenta tissue with HIF-1α negative expression,two cases had HSP70 negative expression (50.0%);their expressions in placenta tissue of the PIH patients had positive correlation(r=0.671,P=0.001). Conclusion:The expressions of HIF-1αand HSP70 in placenta tissue of the PIH patients are higher,and they have positive correlation.
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Objective To explore an effective evaluation method for students' self-and peer-assess-ment. Methods The students of 6 groups participating in extracurricular teaching activities were selected as research subject. Traditional method (final score = mean score of group/2 + teacher's score/2) and mean difference method [final score=teacher's score-(mean difference of group-mean difference of all groups)] were used to calculate final score of each group, and effect of two methods were compared. Results Scores of most groups were higher than the teacher's scores, and high scores were given by group 3 in self- and peer-assessment. The final score of all groups were higher than teacher's scores in traditional method. Compared with teacher's scores, final scores increased significantly in group 1, 4, 5 below mean difference, final score decreased significantly in group 2, 3 above mean difference, and final score did not differ in group 6 equal to mean difference in mean difference method. Conclusion The mean difference method can reflect the effect of student's self- and peer-assessment, and guide student to make objective and accurate evaluation. It is a more reasonable and scientific evaluation method for self-and peer-assessment.
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Objective To compare the value of color Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta (COA) in comparison with CT angiography (CTA). Methods Ninety-two patients with COA were retrospectively analyzed that were confirmed by surgery from January 2009 to September 2013 and diagnosed by color Doppler echocardiography and CTA. Results Among 92 COA patients conifrmed by surgery, 87 patients were diagnosed correctly by echocardiography while 91 patients were diagnosed by CTA, and the accuracy of echocardiography and CTA were 95%(87/92) and 99%(91/92), respectively without significant difference (χ2=1.550, P=0.213). According to surgical findings, there were 222 anatomic abnormalities including 110 intra-cardiac, 13 heart-vessel connection and 99 vessel abnormalities. For 110 intra-cardiac abnormalities, echocardiography detected all abnormalities while CTA found 92 with 18 missed including 11 valve or valve ring lesions, 3 patent foramen ovale, 2 atrial septal defect, 1 ventricular septal defect and 1 endocardial cushion defect. The accuracy of echocardiography for intra-cardiac abnormalities was signiifcantly higher than that of CTA (100%, 110/110 vs 84%, 92/110,χ2=18.801, P=0.000). CTA and echocardiography detected all abnormalities of heart-vessel connection. For 99 vessel abnormalities, CTA showed an accuracy of 98%(97/99) with 2 missed lesions including 1 collateral circulation between the aorta and the pulmonary artery and 1 membranous narrow of the aorta, while echocardiography misdiagnosed 1 COA as interruption of aortic arch and missed 15 lesions, including 4 COA, 3 collateral arteries, 2 patent ductus arteriosus, 2 aberrant right subclavian artery, 2 brachiocephalic vein abnormality, 1 partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and 1 persistent left superior vena cava. The accuracy of CTA for detection of vessel abnormalities was signiifcantly higher than that of echocardiography (98%, 97/99 vs 84%, 83/99,χ2=11.350, P=0.000). Conclusions Both CTA and echocardiography are effective diagnostic modalities for COA and CTA is superior to echocardiography for detecting vessel anomalies whereas echocardiography is superior to CTA for detecting intra-cardiac abnormalities. The combination of both modalities will provide more accurate information for clinical diagnosis.
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Objective To investigate the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of interrupted aortic arch (IAA). Methods Forty-three children that diagnosed as IAA by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were reviewed. The results of CTA (CT Angiography) and operation also were compared. Results Among the 43 children, 41 was admitted as IAA by operation and 2 were diagnosed as coarctation of aorta. According to the type of IAA, 25 cases were diagnosed as type A, 13 cases were diagnosed as type B, 3 cases were diagnosed as type C. Thirty-ifve cases were diagnosed by TTE correctly, 3 cases were misdiagnosed by TTE, 4 cases were suspected as IAA by TTE and ifnally conifrmed by operation. The accuracy rate was 81%(35/43). Among the 35 deifnite diagnosed cases, corrected typing cases were 30, the accuracy rate was 86%(30/35). The accuracy rate of type A, B, C were 96%(23/24), 64%(7/11) and 0. According to the results of CTA, 40 cases were diagnosed correctly, 1 case was misdiagnosed. The accuracy rate was 98%(40/41). Among the deifnite diagnosed cases, corrected typing rate was the same with operation result. Conclusions TTE is the ifrst choice for the detection of IAA. During TTE, in case the indistinct display of aortic arch, CTA should be used to improve the accuracy rate of IAA.
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Objective To study morphological structural changes for different segment umbilical vessels of fetus in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) ,and explore relationship between PIH and umbilical vessels .Methods Totally 36 umbilical cords from fetus of pregnant women without and with PIH (17 cases ,19 controls) were collected ,and take umbilical cord of placen‐tal ,middle ,and fetal segment to routine dehydration ,embedding ,section and stain .In the cases 9 women had mild preeclampsia ,6 had severe preeclampsia and 4 had eclampsia .Microscope images were obtained by digital microscope ,and lumen diameter ,wall thickness and wall‐luminal ratio of different segment umbilical vein and arteries were tested by computer image analysis software . The test results were analyzed and compared .Results From the placental end to the fetal end ,the lumen diameter and wall‐luminal ratio gradually decreased ,and wall thickness gradually increased in the umbilical vein and arteries (P<0 .05) .Compared to normal pregnant women ,the lumen diameter and wall‐luminal ratio decreased ,and wall thickness increased in patients with PIH ,and the a‐bove changes aggravated by disease severity (P<0 .05) .Conclusion PIH is associated with structural changes in the umbilical ves‐sels .These changes are more predominant in the vein than in the artery and most obvious in the fetal end .
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the application of cervical cancer screening system, TruScreen in detecting atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 42 cases were selected, who were diagnosed as ASCUS by thinprep cytologic test (TCT). Area from site 15 to 20, site 21 to 32 were detected by TruScreen. And the result was compared with those of cases which had positive pathological result of cervical biopsy.@*RESULTS@#There were 16 cases with abnormal pathological result in ASCUS cases, including 6 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, 6 cases with CIN II, 3 cases with CIN III and 1 case with infiltrating carcinoma. The consistency between TCT and pathological test was 38.10% (16/42). The positive rate of TruScreen at site 15-20 was 61.91% (26/42). There was significant difference in consistency with pathological test between TCT and TruScreen (x(2)=4.762, P=0.029). The positive rate of TruScreen at site 21-32 was 66.67% (28/42)(Kappa=0.181, P=0.016). There was significant difference in consistency with pathological test between TCT and TruScreen (x(2)=9.4919, P=0.002). And no case was missed when site 21-32 of patients with CINII and above were detected by TruScreen.@*CONCLUSIONS@#TruScreen is effective in detecting ASCUS patients.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Diagnosis , Pathology , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Diagnosis , Pathology , Cervix Uteri , Pathology , Early Detection of Cancer , Methods , Neoplasm Staging , Sensitivity and Specificity , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Pathology , Vaginal SmearsABSTRACT
The tissue chip is a special tissue section,which has several tens to thousands mini tissues of regular arrangement on the one glass slide.According to the deficiencies in experimental teaching section of morphology at present,the author introduced the characteristics and values of the tissue chip and explored its application prospect in experimental teaching of morphology.
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Objective To assess the value of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in indicating the recurrence and prognosis of liver cancer.Methods Two hundred and eighty-seven patients with primary liver cancer were enrolled,thirty-seven cases received operations ( 12.9% ).The size,profile,margin,echogen,blood supply of the tumors were observed preoperatively by CDFI. Twenty-eight patients were followed for 0.5 to 5 years.Results Recurrent nodules were seen in 24 cases (85.7%) during five years.Lesions larger than 5 cm recurred much earlier than those less than 5 cm in the diameter of the patients( P
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0.05 ). After once injection both observers considered the number of clearly recognized endocardial border segments increased significantly. The number evaluated by observers A increased from 2.68 ? 0.95 to 5.99 ? 0.10 while from 2.82 ? 1.03 to 5.99 ? 0.11 by observers B( P 0.05 ). The average contrast enhancement rate of LV endocardial border was 99.7 %. Perfluoropropane-albumin microsphere injection had no significant effection on vital signs such as blood prssure, heart rate and respiration. Electrocardiogram didn′t change markedly and the variance of the laboratory findings like blood and urine routine examination, hepatic and renal function was in normal range. Only one case( 0.33 %) had slight side-effects who suffered from mild nausea and diarrhea, which suggested the clinical safety of this contrast agent. Conclusions Perfluoropropane-albumin microsphere injection could enhance the resolution of LV endocardial borders and make the judgement of regional myocardial movement easier. It has little side-effects and will be appropriate for clinical use.
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Objective To study the changes in echocardiography in normotensive patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in order to establish early diagnosis and give preventive measures for diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Microvasculopathy was diagnosed in T2DM patients when microalbuminuria exceeded 15ml/min. Fifty-four T2DM patients were divided into two groups: group A (patients without microvasculopathy, n=32 ), group B (patients with microvasculopathy, n=22). All of T2DM were submitted to echocardiography and the results were compared with healthy people of matched sex and age (group C, n=20). Results There were no differences in systolic function parameters among the groups. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was higher in two groups of diabetics compared with group C. Diastolic dysfunction of various degrees was found in the two groups of diabetics, regardless of the presence of microvasculopathy, with a manifestation of a decrease of blood flow velocity in early diastolic phase and increase in late diastolic phase (P