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Objective:To investigate any effect of different environments on the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and testosterone using SAMP8 senescence-accelerated mice.Methods:Thirty SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into an enriched environment (EE) group, an impoverished environment (IE) group and a standard environment (SE) group, each of 10. The serum levels of ACTH, cortisol and testosterone were measured in all of the mice after they had lived in their respective environments for 8 weeks.Results:The average ACTH concentrations of the IE, EE and SE groups were (60.54±16.22), (48.98±15.30) and (28.49±8.24)pg/ml respectively. The average cortisol concentrations were (5.37±0.81), (4.09±0.92) and (3.19±0.88)ng/ml. The average testosterone concentrations being (2.35±0.90), (7.07±1.57) and (3.16±1.10)ng/ml. The average ACTH and cortisol levels were significantly different between the SE and IE groups. The average ACTH and testosterone levels differed significantly between the SE and EE groups and between the EE and IE groups.Conclusions:An impoverished environment can increase the secretion of ACTH and cortisol and activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, at least in SAMP8 mice. An enriched environment can promote the secretion of ACTH and testosterone, but not that of cortisol.
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Objective:To analyze the off-label use and adverse reactions of lobaplatin for injection to provide reference for the rational use in clinic. Methods:A retrospective review was conducted on the inpatient medical records (201 cases) with lobaplatin for injection from November 2016 to July 2017 in a hospital and analyzed the characteristics of adverse drug reactions/events (ADR/ADE) with the help of SPSS software. The ADRs were performed correlation factor analysis.Results:The off-label ratio of the indication,administration route and solvent for lobaplatin was 89.55%,18.41% and 47.26%,respectively. The rate of adverse events was 63.18%. The main adverse reactions were blood and lymphatic system disorders and hepatobiliary system damage,and the manifestations were lymphocyte decrease(40.80%),hemoglobin(23.88%),white blood cell decrease (19.90%) and platelet decrease (15.92%) and AST increase (10.45%). No grade 5 adverse event happened, however, new adverse reactions,such as palpitation, dyspnea, harshness, etc were shown. The use of 0.9% sodium chloride injection as the solvent for lobaplatin may be a risk factor for ADRs. Conclusion:Most of the medical orders with lobaplatin for injection contain off-label use,and the rate of adverse events is as high as 63.18%. The use of 0.9% sodium chloride injection as the solvent for lobaplatin may be a risk factor for ADRs.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of shear wave elastography(SWE)and Breast Ima-ging Reporting and Data System -Ultrasonograpy(BI -RADS -US)in benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods 180 patients with pathological -confirmed benign and malignant breast lesions without any treatment were underwent ultrasonography scoring with BI -RADS and the quantitative elasticity parameters was measured by shear wave elastography 1week before operation.Pathological results were regarded as the gold standard,receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to determine cutoff values of quantitative parameters and diagnostic performance of two methods.Results Maximum elastic value(Emax)and mean elastic value(Emean)of benign breast lesions were (39.17 ±11.48)kPa and (21.56 ±9.68)kPa,which were significantly lower compared with the malignant breast lesions of (121.38 ±28.97)kPa and (62.92 ±18.49)kPa,respectively(t =23.668,P =0.000;t =18.194, P =0.000).Taking 43.79kPa and 65.15 kPa as the threshold of the Emean and Emax value,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of SWE were 92.59%,90.78% and 94.84%,respectively.The areas under the curve(AUC)of the SWE and BI -RADS -US were 0.942 and 0.883 (P =0.042).Conclusion SWE can improve the accuracy of ultrasonography in differentiation of benign from malignant breast lesions by quantitative elasticity parameters,which has important significance for clinical treatment.
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Objective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultrasonic elastography in the diagnosis of breast lesions with BI -RADS Ⅲ -Ⅴ.Methods 169 patients with BI -RADS Ⅲ -Ⅴ breast lesions were underwent contrast -enhanced ultrasound and ultrasonic elastography 1 week before surgery.Pathological findings were used as the gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast -enhanced ultrasound and ultrasonic elastography in diagnosis of BI -RADS Ⅲ -Ⅴ breast lesions.Results The combination of contrast -enhanced ultrasound and ultrasonic elastography in diagnosis of BI -RADS Ⅲ -Ⅴ breast lesions,with the sensitivi-ty,specificity and accuracy of 96.15%,94.34%,and 95.11%,respectively.The difference was statistical signifi-cance compared with single method(χ2 =4.659,P =0.032,χ2 =4.146,P =0.041).Conclusion The combination of contrast -enhanced ultrasound and ultrasonic elastography improves the diagnostic accuracy of Ⅲ-Ⅴ breast lesions.
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Objective To explore the value of real time contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant adrenal lesions.Methods Totally,57 adrenal lesions (26malignant and 31 benign) underwent conventional ultrasound and real-time CEUS.The enhancement patterns including types of time-intensity curve,centripetal fill-in,homogeneity and intensity of enhancement were analyzed.Results The enhancement pattern of normal adrenal gland was homogeneous,centrifugal and rapid perfusion from the medulla to the cortex.Four enhancement patterns were significantly different between benign and malignant adrenal lesions (P ＜0.05).If enhancement in the early arterial phase and rapid washout was suggestive of malignancy,the sensitivity and specificity of CEUS were 96.2％ and 77.4％,respectively.If peripheral to central filling was suggestive of malignancy,the sensitivity and specificity of CEUS were 76.9 ％ and 80.7 ％,respectively.Conclusions The patterns of real-time CEUS are helpful in differential diagnosis of malignant and benign adrenal lesions.
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Objective To evaluate the color Doppler ultrasonography and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) findings of congenital intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts (IPSVS).Methods Nineteen patients of congenital IPSVS were examined with color Doppler ultrasonography and CEUS.All patients were confirmed by CT angiography.The hepatic artery arrival time (HAAT),portal vein arrival time (PVAT),and hepatic vein arrival time (HVAT) on CEUS were recorded.The interval time between hepatic artery arrival time and hepatic vein arrival time (HA-HVTT) and the interval time between portal vein arrival time and hepatic vein arrival time (PV-HVTT) were calculated.Results The types of IPSVS between portal and systemic veins were based on Park's classification.Color Doppler ultrasonography showed abnormal communication between the portal vein branch and the hepatic veins,duplex Doppler ultrasonography showed abnormal spectral pattern from the portal vein such as undulating,triphasic waveform mimicked that of the hepatic vein.CEUS demonstrated abnormal communication between portal vein branch and hepatic vein.HVAT,HA-HVTT,and PV-HVTT were shorter statistically in congenital IPSVS group than those in cirrhosis and normal groups.Conclusions Congenital IPSVS is a rare vascular abnormality that is usually asymptomatic.Color Doppler ultrasonography is a useful tool for diagnosis of congenital IPSVS.CEUS provides helpful data for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of congenital IPSVS.