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Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is to identify the patient's allergen, give the patient repeated exposure to the allergen extract, and gradually increase the concentration and dose until the target maintenance dose is reached, so that the patient can develop tolerance to the allergen, which is the only treatment that can regulate the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and change its natural course. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have made great progress in the clinical practice and research field of AIT. This article reviewed the relevant progress of the mechanism, efficacy and drug administration of AIT.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The obesity rate of Chinese adolescents has reached an alarming level, where about 11% of Chinese children are overweight, making them more prone to diseases such as hypertension, abnormal physiological metabolism, and high joint wear of the lower limbs. This public health problem can be alleviated with healthy habits, including aerobic exercise. Objective: Study the effect of aerobic exercise on obesity and lipid metabolism in adolescents. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 40 young volunteers were equally allocated into experimental and control groups. The control group received no intervention, while the experimental group was trained according to a professionally designed aerobic exercise protocol for 28 days. Training data were recorded before, during, and after the exercises. The information was processed, compared, and analyzed. Results: The control group failed to reduce body fat effectively; an aerobic exercise in the experimental group showed better effects in reducing body weight, body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, and weight loss; compared to the control group. Immediately after the intervention, the HDL level of the experimental group showed an upward trend, while the TC, TG, and LDL indices showed a downward trend. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can effectively increase muscle mass and basal calorie and fat intake, reducing youth obesity. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: A taxa de obesidade de adolescentes chineses atingiu um nível alarmante onde cerca de 11% das crianças chinesas estão acima do peso, tornando-se mais propensas a adquirirem doenças como hipertensão arterial, metabolismo fisiológico anormal e elevados desgastes articulares dos membros inferiores. Esse problema de saúde pública pode ser amenizado com hábitos saudáveis, incluindo o exercício aeróbico. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do exercício aeróbico sobre obesidade e o metabolismo lipídico dos adolescentes. Métodos: Nesse ensaio clínico randomizado controlado, 40 jovens voluntários foram igualmente alocados em grupos experimental e controle. O grupo controle não recebeu intervenção alguma enquanto o grupo experimental foi treinado segundo um protocolo de exercícios aeróbicos elaborado por profissionais durante 28 dias. Foram registrados os dados de treinamento, antes durante e após os exercícios. As informações foram tratadas, comparadas e analisadas. Resultados: O grupo controle não conseguiu reduzir efetivamente a gordura corporal, o exercício aeróbico no grupo experimental apresentou melhores efeitos na redução do peso corporal, gordura corporal, relação cintura-quadril e perda de peso; em comparação com o grupo controle. Imediatamente após a intervenção, o nível de HDL do grupo experimental mostrou uma tendência de alta, enquanto os índices TC, TG e LDL apresentaram tendência de queda. Conclusão: O exercício aeróbico pode efetivamente aumentar a massa muscular, o consumo basal de calorias e gordura, alcançando a redução eficaz da obesidade juvenil. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: La tasa de obesidad de los adolescentes chinos ha alcanzado un nivel alarmante en el que cerca del 11% de los niños chinos tienen sobrepeso, siendo más propensos a adquirir enfermedades como la hipertensión, un metabolismo fisiológico anormal y un elevado desgaste articular de las extremidades inferiores. Este problema de salud pública puede paliarse con hábitos saludables, entre ellos el ejercicio aeróbico. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del ejercicio aeróbico sobre la obesidad y el metabolismo lipídico en adolescentes. Métodos: En este ensayo controlado y aleatorizado, 40 jóvenes voluntarios fueron asignados por igual a los grupos experimental y de control. El grupo de control no recibió ninguna intervención, mientras que el grupo experimental fue entrenado según un protocolo de ejercicio aeróbico diseñado por profesionales durante 28 días. Los datos del entrenamiento se registraron antes, durante y después de los ejercicios. La información fue procesada, comparada y analizada. Resultados: El grupo de control no logró reducir eficazmente la grasa corporal, el ejercicio aeróbico en el grupo experimental mostró mejores efectos en la reducción del peso corporal, la grasa corporal, la relación cintura-cadera y la pérdida de peso; en comparación con el grupo de control. Inmediatamente después de la intervención, el nivel de HDL del grupo experimental mostró una tendencia al alza, mientras que los índices de TC, TG y LDL mostraron una tendencia a la baja. Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico puede aumentar eficazmente la masa muscular, la ingesta calórica basal y las grasas, logrando una reducción efectiva de la obesidad juvenil. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Objective To investigate susceptibility and antibacterial activity of cationic porphyfin derivative mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (CPD-PACT) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa,to provide experimental evidence for its high efficiency antibacterial activity.Methods The impacts of culture environments on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were measured by double dilution method.The formation of inhibition zone was determined by diffusion plate method.The postantibiotic effect was analyzed by colony forming units.The viability and morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Results The inoculum size of bacterial had a certain effect on the MIC.The MIC values increased as the pH of medium rose.When the calf serum content of culture medium increased,the MIC rose in light reaction and dropped in dark reaction.The diameter of inhibition zone mainly depended on the laser energy density,but not the concentration of photosensitizer.Though CPD possessed strong antimicrobial activity and persistent suppression on bacterial growth,the surviving Pseudomonas aeruginosa would soon continue to proliferate after PACT.The fluorescence images captured by CLSM showed that CPD-PACT could destroy the membrane integrity,leak the cytoplasmic component,decrease the bacterial activity and finally lead Pseudomonas aeruginosa to death.Conclusions CPD has strong inhibitory activity and obvious postantibiotic effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa,which is suitable to be developed as an drug candidate for PACT.
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Objective To study the radiation protection effect of sugar polyphenols A obtained by structured modification using mouse model of radiation injury induced by 137Cs γ-ray.Methods Total 42 male Kunming mice aged 4-6 weeks were randomly divided into six groups:negative control group (NCG),positive control group (PCG),irradiation control group (ICG) as well as three irradiation experimental groups.The radiation injury model was developed by once whole-body irradiation with 6.0 Gy 137Cs γ-ray.The mice in three experimental groups were fed sugar polyphenols A respectively with doses of 0.05,0.10 and 0.20 g/kg,for 14 d before irradiation,and continuously fed with the drug for 7 d after the irradiation.After that the mice were sacrificed,and the organ index,hematological parameters,spleen colony number,bone marrow DNA content and nucleated cells in bone-marrow were tested to evaluate the effect of sugar polyphenols A.Results Compared with the ICG,the irradiation experimental groups with the sugar polyphenols A doses of 0.05,0.10,0.20 g/kg showed reductions in irradiation injuries of immune system and hematopoietic system,which makes the significant increases of the spleen indexes (Z=-2.364,-3.003 and -2.747,P＜0.05) and the number of endogenous spleen colony (Z=-2.458,-2.141 and-2.206,P＜0.05).In the groups with the doses of 0.05 and 0.2 g/kg,the number of white blood cells were significantly increased (Z=-2.652 and-2.139,P＜0.05).Besides,in the group with the dose of 0.2 g/kg,the level of red blood cells (Z=-2.364,P＜0.05),bone marrow DNA content (Z=-2.492,P＜0.05) and nucleated cells in bone-marrow (Z=-2.492,P＜0.05) were also increased compared with the ICG.Conclusions Sugar polyphenols A has the positive effects on the recovery of immune and hematopoietic function of mice through improving the organ index,endogenous spleen colony number,peripheral white blood cell number,bone marrow DNA content and nucleated cells in bone-marrow,which can reduce the injury induced by ionizing radiation.
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Objective To investigate in vitro anti-tumor activity and the related mechanism of four alkaloid monomers from Sophora alopecuroides,and to evaluate their toxicity on normal cells,thereby to screen the drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity anti-tumor effects.Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was employed to determine the effects of four alkaloid monomers on the proliferation activity of human lung cancer cells and hamster lung cells.Morphology of apoptotic lung cancer cell nucleus was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy with Hochest33342 staining.Cell apoptosis and necrosis were measured by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI double staining.Results The four alkaloid monomers showed different degree of proliferation inhibition on lung cancer cells with dose dependent manner.Oxysophoridine had the strongest inhibition effect on lung cancer cells and the minimun toxicity on normal lung cells.Hochest33342 staining and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that oxysophoridine could induce the apoptosis and necrosis of A549 cells.Conclusions All four alkaloid monomers have certain anti-tumor effect on lung cancer cells.Oxysophoridine is the most active one with high efficiency and low toxicity characteristics,which is suitable for use as anti-tumor drug candidate for further development.