Morphometric predictors of lingual undercut depth in the posterior mandible and their relevance to immediate dental implant insertion: recommendations for CBCT / Predictores morfométricos de la profundidad de la «undecurt¼ lingual en la parte posterior de la mandíbula y su relevancia para la inserción inmediata de implantes dentales: recomendaciones para la CBCT

Deep lingual undercut (LU) is commonly encountered in the posterior mandible, and is considered a risk factor in dental implants. In this study we investigated the value of data extracted from OPGs in predicting LU depth. Such predictors might be valuable in reducing the chance of lingual plate perforation (LPP) by recommending CBCTs prior to dental implant insertion when deep LU is anticipated We aimed at assessing the following variables as potential predictors of LU depth: 1) alveolar process height (measured on OPGs), 2) alveolar process width (measured on CBCTs), and 3) the distance from apical region of dental alveoli to superior margin of IAN canal (measured on OPGs). 128 CBCTs and corresponding OPGs of posterior mandibles of 128 patients (70 females, 58 males; age range=18-87 years, mean age=45.8 years, SD=17.0 years) were used. Only dentate sites of lower first (LM1) and second molars (LM2) were considered. Four predictors of LU depth were found, the strongest was the ratio between alveolar process width (which could be assessed clinically) and alveolar process height as measured on OPGs (r=.454 at LM1 site, r=.592 at LM2 site). Predictors derived from OPG measurements might be valuable in anticipating LU depth and might be more valuable when combined with alveolar process width (which might be assessed clinically). We recommend considering the suggested predictors in assessing the need of CBCT prior to immediate dental implant insertion in posterior mandible.

El socavado lingual profundo (SLU) se encuentra comúnmente en la porción posterior de la mandíbula y es considerado un factor de riesgo en los implantes dentales. En este estudio, investigamos el valor de los datos extraídos de los OPG para predecir la profundidad del SLU. Dichos predictores podrían ser valiosos para reducir la posibilidad de perforación de la placa lingual (PPL) recomendando CBCT antes de la inserción del implante dental cuando se anticipa un SLU. El objetivo consistió en evaluar las siguientes variables como posibles predictores de profundidad de SLU: 1) altura del proceso alveolar (medida en OPG), 2) ancho del proceso alveolar (medido en CBCT) y 3) la distancia desde la región apical de los alvéolos dentales al margen superior del canal IAN (medido en OPG). Se utilizaron 128 CBCT y las OPG correspondientes de mandíbulas de 128 pacientes (70 mujeres, 58 hombres; rango de edad = 18-87 años, edad media = 45,8 años, SD = 17,0 años). Sólo se consideraron los sitios dentados de los primeros molares inferiores (LM1) y los segundos molares inferiores (LM2). Se encontraron cuatro predictores de profundidad de SLU, el más fuerte fue la relación entre el ancho del proceso alveolar (que podría evaluarse clínicamente) y la altura del proceso alveolar medida en OPG (r = 0,454 en el sitio LM1, r = 0,592 en el sitio LM2). Los predictores derivados de las mediciones de OPG podrían ser valiosos para anticipar la profundidad de SLU y podrían ser más valiosos cuando se combinan con el ancho del proceso alveolar (que podría evaluarse clínicamente). Recomendamos considerar los factores predictivos sugeridos para evaluar la necesidad de CBCT antes de la inserción inmediata del implante dental en la porción posterior de la mandíbula.

Contribution of public places in proliferation of dengue vectors in Penang Island, Malaysia

Objective To determine abundance, distribution and diversity of potential breeding container habitats of the dengue vectors in public places including schools, restaurants, mosques and parks in southwest areas of Penang Island, Malaysia. Methods Premises at restaurants, schools, parks and mosques were surveyed simultaneously and inspected visually for container habitats and production of immature mosquitoes from March 2015 to March 2016. Abundance (mean ± SE) of breeding containers between sites was compared using One-way ANOVA. Independent sample t-test was used to compare total number of Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) and Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) surveyed. Results The surveyed locations yielded a total of 3 741 breeding containers and 19 537 immature mosquitoes from four areas. Concurrent artificial and natural containers produced 78.4% immature Ae. albopictus and 6.3% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in wet season, with 14.2% Ae. albopictus and 1.1% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in dry season. Artificial containers accounted for 98.1% of the total containers recorded, with restaurants being the most productive locations (8 012) and schools being the least productive (2 234). Conclusions It was concluded that public places are good sources of potential container habitats of Aedes mosquitoes in Penang Island, Malaysia and Ae. albopictus has exclusively replaced the home-grown Ae. aegypti even in urban areas. Therefore, treatment of artificial containers in such locations is critical in Aedes mosquito control campaigns during dengue outbreaks.

Household survey of container-breeding mosquitoes and climatic factors influencing the prevalence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of container breeding mosquitoes with emphasis on the seasonality and larval habitats of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) in Makkah City, adjoining an environmental monitoring and dengue incidence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Monthly visits were performed between April 2008 and March 2009 to randomly selected houses. During each visit, mosquito larvae were collected from indoors and outdoors containers by either dipping or pipetting. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified. Data on temperature, relative humidity, rain/precipitations during the survey period was retrieved from governmental sources and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The city was warmer in dry season (DS) than wet season (WS). No rain occurred at all during DS and even precipitations did fall, wetting events were much greater during WS. Larval survey revealed the co-breeding of Aedes, Culex and Anopheles in a variety of artificial containers in and around homes. 32 109 larvae representing 1st , 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stages were collected from 22 618 container habitats. Culicines was far the commonest and Aedes genus was as numerous as the Culex population. Ae. aegypti larval abundance exhibited marked temporal variations, overall, being usually more abundant during WS. Ten types of artificial containers were found with developing larvae. 70% of these habitats were located indoors. 71.42% of indoor containers were permanent and 28.58% was semi-permanent during WS. Cement tanks was the only container type permanent during DS. Ae. aegypti larval indices (CI, HI, BI) recorded were greater during WS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Taken together, these results indicate a high risk of dengue transmission in the holy city.</p>