ABSTRACT
Introduction: Interaction between drugs represents a major clinical concern for health care professionals and their patients. Patients affected by both type 2 diabetes and epilepsy may be prescribed pioglitazone and an anti-epileptic drug such as phenytoin concurrently. The aim of this study was to consider the interaction of pioglitazone with phenytoin in an experimental model. According to the result of this study concurrent use of phenytoin and pioglitazone in clinic may cause therapeutic failure of phenytoin which may cause seizures and during seizures the cardiac function may be affected
Materials and Methods: Two groups of rats were treated for 30 days. In group 1 [control group] saline [10 ml/kg] and phenytoin [30 mg/kg] were administered daily by intragastric gavage. In group 2 [test group], pioglitazone [10 mg/kg] was administered daily 60 minutes before phenytoin [30 mg/kg]. Two hours after the last intragastric gavage, animals were anesthetized with ether and 2 ml of blood was drawn from the heart into a syringe containing Ethylenediaminetetraacetic [EDTA], and phenytoin concentration in rat plasma was determined by High performance liquid chromatography [HPLC].The study consisted of 2 groups of 10 male adult Wistar rats
Results: Compared with control group, concurrent use of pioglitazone and phenytoin was associated with significantly lower mean plasma concentrations of phenytoin: 2.08 +/- 0.25 micro g/ml VS 1.2 +/- 0.02 micro g/ml [p< 0.05]
Conclusion: Concurrent use of pioglitazone and phenytoin was associated with a significant decrease in plasma concentration of phenytoin in this experimental model. In clinic, this interaction may cause seizures and it has been shown that both cardiac and respiratory functions may affected by seizures
ABSTRACT
This study intended to assess the efficacy of acute administration of natural honey on cardiac arrhythmias and infarct size when it is used during the normothermic ischemia in isolated rat heart. During 30 min of regional normothermic ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion, the isolated hearts were perfused by a modified drug free Krebs-Henseleit solution [control] or the solution containing 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% of freshly prepared natural honey [test groups], respectively. Cardiac arrhythmias were analyzed and determined through the recorded ECGs. The infarct size was measured using computerized planimetry package. At the ischemic phase, honey [0.25 and 0.5%] decreased the number and duration of ventricular tachycardia [VT], total number of ventricular ectopic beats [VEBs], duration and incidence of reversible ventricular fibrillation [VF] and total VF [p < 0.05 for all]. During the reperfusion, concentrations of 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5% lowered the number of VT [p < 0.05], duration of reversible VF [p < 0.01] and total number of VEBs [p < 0.05]. In addition, VT duration was reduced significantly with honey 0.125 and 0.25%. Moreover, the infarct size was 45.6 +/- 3.4% in the control group, while the perfusion of honey [0.125, 0.25 and 0.5%] reduced it to 14.8 +/- 5.1 [p < 0.001], 24.6 +/- 7.3 [p < 0.01] and 31.4 +/- 7.3% [p < 0.05], respectively. Regarding the results, it is concluded that the acute administration of natural honey in normothermic ischemia conditions can protect the rat heart as the reduction of infarct size and arrhythmias. Conceivably, the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, the reduction of necrotized tissue and the providence of rich energy source are more important mechanisms in cardioprotective effects of natural honey