Normal interpupillary distance values in an Iranian population

To report normal interpupillary distance [IPD] values in different age groups of an Iranian population. This study was performed on 1,500 randomly selected subjects from 3,260 consecutive out-patients with refractive errors referred to Farabi Eye Hospital, Isfahan, Iran over a period of two years [2008 to 2010]. Measurement of refractive errors and IPD for far distance were performed using an autorefractometer [RMA-3000 autorefractometer, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan]. Mean IPD in adult subjects was 61.1 +/- 3.5 mm in women and 63.6 +/- 3.9 mm in men [p<0.001]. Mean IPD increased 4.8 mm during the second decade, 1.7 mm during the third decade, and 0.6 mm during the fourth and fifth decades of life. The observed increase in IPD after the age of 30 years indicates that factors other than skeletal growth may affect this parameter.

IOLMaster versus manual keratometry after photorefractive keratectomy

To compare keratometric measurements using a Javal type manual keratometer with IOLMaster in eyes undergoing photorefractive keratectomy [PRK] for myopia. In this comparative case series, we studied patients aged 21 to 27 years scheduled for myopic PRK. Keratometry was performed preoperatively and three months after the procedure using a Javal type manual keratometer and the IOLMaster. We compared postoperative measurements obtained by both instruments with the clinical history method [CHM]. Seventy eyes of 35 patients with mean age of 23.45 +/- 1.55 years were studied. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -4.53 +/- 1.3 D. Average preoperative IOLMaster and manual keratometric readings were 45.95 +/- 1.23 D and 46.32 +/- 1.18 D, respectively. Postoperatively, mean IOLMaster measurements was 38.03 +/- 0.68 D and that of manual keratometry was 43.15 +/- 1.1 D. Compared to CHM measurements, the 95% limits of agreement were -5.95 to -0.85 for the IOLMaster and -1.44 to 4.04 for manual keratometry. Keratometric measurements with the IOLMaster and a Javal type manual device are comparable after PRK; both are largely deviant from the CHM and can yield misleading results

Artiflex versus STAAR[registered] implantable contact lenses for correction of high myopia

To compare two phakic intraocular lenses, Artiflex and STAAR[registered] implantable contact lens [ICL], in high myopia. Isfahan Ophthalmology Clinic, Iran. In a randomized, prospective clinical trial study, 40 eyes of 20 patients who came to Isfahan ophthalmology clinic to correct their refractive error were examined. Artiflex was inserted in 20 eyes and ICL in the other 20 eyes. After 1 year, uncorrected visual acuity [UCVA], best corrected visual acuity [BCVA], contrast sensitivity, intraocular pressure [IOP], and specular microscopy of corneal endothelium were assessed in both the groups. In this study, there was no statistical difference between UCVA, BCVA, IOP, cataract incidence, contrast sensitivity, and specular microscopy, 1 year after surgery. 40% of eyes in the Artiflex group developed anterior chamber cell and flare reaction 1 year postoperatively, but no patient in the ICL group developed the same. So, there is obvious difference in the rate of anterior chamber cell and flare reaction between these two groups. These two lenses have similar outcomes except in the incidence rate of anterior chamber cell and flare reaction that is greater in the Artiflex group. So, these two lenses are safe with predictable outcome in treating high myopia

Outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy with intraoperative mitomycin-C

To report the efficacy, safety, predictability and complications of photo-refractive keratectomy [PRK] with intraoperative application of mitomycin-C [MMC]. This historical cohort study was performed on 1,250 eyes of 625 patients who underwent PRK using the Technolas 217 excimer laser machine by a single surgeon with intraoperative use of MMC 0.02% up to 2 minutes, depending on depth of ablation. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed which included refraction, uncorrected visual acuity [UCVA], best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA] and slitlamp biomicroscopy. Outcomes were analyzed after one year of follow-up. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error was -4.85 +/- 2.27 [range, -2.50 to -13.5] diopters [D]. Mean depth of ablation was 89 +/- 22 microns and mean time to reepithelialization was 4.5 +/- 1.7 days. At final follow-up, UCVA of 20/20 and 20/40 or more was achieved in 92.1% and 99.2% of eyes, respectively. One year post-operatively, 69.4% and 91% of eyes were within +/- 0.50 D and +/- 1.00 D of emmetropia. Overall, 62 eyes [4.9%] developed one or two lines of decrease in BCVA, and 50 eyes [4%] developed corneal haze which was grade 1 or 2 in most cases; grade 3 and 4 corneal haze was found in 4 and 2 eyes, respectively. No other adverse event was noted during the study period. PRK with intraoperative application of MMC provides excellent visual outcomes with acceptable safety and predictability, and entails minimal side effects

Impairment of lacrimal drainage after cataract surgery

Complaining of tearing was found in some of our patients after phacoemulsification surgery for senile cataract. Secondary acquired lacrimal drainage obstruction has been proposed to happen due to different causes. This study was performed at Feiz hospital in Isfahan, Iran from September to December of 2004 to evaluate the effects of phacoemulsification surgery on tear drainage in eyes with senile cataract. This cohort study was performed on 110 patients with senile cataract who had phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens [PCL] implantation surgery under topical anesthesia in one eye. Included patients had fluorescein disappearance and taste test duration of xxx; 5.5 minutes in both eyes before operation. Tear drainage function tests were repeated for one week and one month after surgery in both eyes and obtained data were compared. The incidence of lacrimal drainage impairment in eyes treated for senile cataract was 35% at one week and 20% at one month after phacoemulsification surgery. The mean taste test duration time was 3.84 +/- 0.77 minutes before surgery, 7.30 +/- 4.80 minutes at one week and 6.31 +/- 4.42 minutes at one month after surgery [P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively]. No post operation tear drainage impairment was observed in the sound eyes of the patients. Impairment of lacrimal drainage can be predisposed by cataract surgery in eyes with senile cataract