Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Aloe Vera Gel on Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid in Rats

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammation. Common clinical symptoms are weight loss, diarrhea, ulcers, and inflammation. Aloe vera (AV) has several medicinal properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory analgesic, and improvement of gastric and skin ulcers. This study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of AV gel on acetic acid-induced UC in rats. UC was induced in 48 rats by injection of 4% acetic acid into the rectum. Protective and treatment groups received treatments 7 days before and after the induction of colitis, respectively. The negative control group, the positive control group, and AV groups received distilled water, sulfasalazine, and 50 and 300 mg/kg of gel extract, respectively. Water and food intake and body weight changes were recorded. The extent of the mucosal ulcers, colon tissue thickening, and mucosal bleeding were scored by the Gerald classification system score (microscopy observations). Slides of tissues were prepared for pathologic assay using the modified Wallace method (macroscopic observations). The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed protective and therapeutic effects of 50 mg/kg dose of AV on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats which reduces the inflammation, ulcers and tissue damage compared with negative control (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the amount of water and food intake, body weight changes, and colon weight in protective and treatment groups. Based on the results, AV gel could be used to improve the symptoms of UC, as well as prevent people who are susceptible to the UC.

Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Aloe Vera Gel on Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid in Rats

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammation. Common clinical symptoms are weight loss, diarrhea, ulcers, and inflammation. Aloe vera (AV) has several medicinal properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory analgesic, and improvement of gastric and skin ulcers. This study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of AV gel on acetic acid-induced UC in rats. UC was induced in 48 rats by injection of 4% acetic acid into the rectum. Protective and treatment groups received treatments 7 days before and after the induction of colitis, respectively. The negative control group, the positive control group, and AV groups received distilled water, sulfasalazine, and 50 and 300 mg/kg of gel extract, respectively. Water and food intake and body weight changes were recorded. The extent of the mucosal ulcers, colon tissue thickening, and mucosal bleeding were scored by the Gerald classification system score (microscopy observations). Slides of tissues were prepared for pathologic assay using the modified Wallace method (macroscopic observations). The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed protective and therapeutic effects of 50 mg/kg dose of AV on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats which reduces the inflammation, ulcers and tissue damage compared with negative control (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the amount of water and food intake, body weight changes, and colon weight in protective and treatment groups. Based on the results, AV gel could be used to improve the symptoms of UC, as well as prevent people who are susceptible to the UC.

Evaluate the liver function in hyperthyroidism patients

Thyroid hormones regulate the metabolisms of all cells including hepatocytes, and hence, modulate hepatic function. Hyperthyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders characterized by increased secretion of thyroid hormones T3 and/or T4. This study investigated frequency of abnormal liver function tests in the patients with hyperthyroidism that referred to Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah from 1[st] October 2009 to 30[th] April 2012. Patients who had complication disorders such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, liver disease and using any of drugs effecting liver and thyroid function tests and patients with positive hepatic viral markers were excluded from the study. After excluding patients with complication disorders, fifty patients were remained. Fifty volunteers without history of significant diseases were chosen as matched control group. Mean ALT [Alanine amino transferase] of cases were 52.1+/-6.97 and of controls were 25.6+/-3.9. Also, Mean ALP [Alkaline phosphatase] of cases was 259.94+/-25.83 and of controls were 185.10+/-33.75. There is significant difference between ALT, ALP in case group in compare the control group [P<0.05and P<0.01 respectively]. Further, there is no significant difference in serum levels of AST [Aspartate amino transferase] and Mean direct bilirubin between case and control group. These findings indicate that ALT and ALP levels are frequently elevated in hyperthyroidism. Hence, they are possibly thyroid dependent enzymes

differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodule comparison of sonography with FNAC findings

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonography and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology [FNAC]. This follow-up study was approved by review board and conducted at Endocrine Clinic and Radiology Department of Imam Reza, Kermanshah. The patients were diagnosed to have thyroid nodule examined by FNA and Sonography suspicious malignant cases underwent surgery. Results were entered in SPSS 11.5 chi-Square and Fisher exact test applied to compare malignant and benign nodule characters. In this study 144 patients were examined and 14 cases [9.7%] had malignant nodule. Most of malignant nodules were single [p=0.001], solid [p < 0.001], hypo-echo [p=0.001], with irregular margins [p < 0.001] and with calcification [p=0.041]. There was no significant relationship between malignancy and nodule size of larger than 15 mm [p=0.395]. Compared with surgery, FNA sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 92.8% and 100% respectively. Based on the result of this study, thyroid nodule size must not be considered as a criterion for malignancy and thyroid nodules of any size must be suspected as malignant. Important criteria for malignancy include irregular edges, being solid, hypoechogenicity and being a single nodule respectively. Compared with Surgery, FNA Sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 92.8% and 100% respectively

Comparing the effects of normal saline and 0.05 betadine on bacterial culture results obtained from conjunctiva before and after irrigation during cataract surgery

To compare the effects of normal saline and 0.05 betadine on bacterial cultures obtained from eye conjunctiva before and after irrigation during cataract surgery. It was a Randomized Control Trial [RCT] in patients with cataract. Culture samples were obtained from the inferior fornix prior to periocular prep and after preparation. Subsequently, inside the eyes and fornices were irrigated with 10 cc normal saline or 4 cc 5% betadine for 3 minutes. Once the data were fed into SPSS software, they were analyzed using ?2, Fisher's and McNemar's tests. We obtained 89 positive culture samples [52.4%] before prep [including 38 samples in the normal saline group and 51 samples in the betadine group], 12 positive culture samples [7.1%] after prep, and 8 positive culture samples [4.7%] at the end of surgery. There was no significant relationship between the two groups; however, irrigation was found to be effective in reducing positive cultures in both groups [p<0.001]. Using 5% betadine for periocular prep and normal saline for conjunctival irrigation is as effective as using betadine for prep and irrigation in terms of reducing positive cultures after cataract surgery

[Determination of Rifampin and Isoniazid resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in Kermanshah [2006-2008]]

Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Multi drug resistant tuberculosis is a new threat, which can result in a high case fatality rate. This study was conducted to define the incidence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Kermanshah. Antibiogram was performed on PCR-confirmed isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis by using the proportion method. Eight cases [57.1%] showed resistance to 1microg/ml Isoniazid. Resistance to Rifampicin was identified in 46.2% of cases. This study showed a high rate of single drug and multidrug resistance. We recommend antibiogram for all cases of tuberculosis

[Immunohistochemistry of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors]

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor [MT] or inflammatory pseudotumor is a tumoral lesion which can be seen in all age groups and in all internal organs. It is in differential diagnosis with some important neoplasms such as Leiomyosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, and Sarcomatoid carcinoma. Differentiation between these tumors requires as special diagnostic tool such as Immunohistochemistry [IHC]. This study aimed to identify Immunohistochemical characteristics of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. 19 cases included in this cross-sectional study. All cases with diagnosis of: "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor" or " Inflammatory pseudotumor" at pathobiology laboratories of Kermanshah university, Tehran Imam Khomaini Hospital and Institute of Cancer were selected and studied by using IHC stains for CK, EMA, SMA, MSA, Desmin, P53, ALK and Vimentin. Mean age of cases was 40.4 year. 52.6% were male and 47.4% female. Most frequent affected organs were; Stomach [4 cases], Urinary bladder [3 cases], Small Intestine [3 cases], Lung and Mediastinum [3 cases], Omentum [2 cases], Retroperitoneum [1 case], Cervix [1case], Urethral [1 case] and gluteus Maximus Muscle [1 case]. Vimentin [94.7%], MSA [57.9%] and SMA [47.4%] were the most frequent expressed IHC biomarkers in diagnosed tumors respectively. CK is a reliable marker for differentiation between these lesions and Sarcomatoid carcinoma. For differentiation from Leiomyosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma and Postoperative Spindle Cell nodule, using Desmin is a useful biomarker. It is recommended that "IMT" be used for those lesions that express ALK and/or those that cytogenetic studies reveal a fusion of introducing genes. Other lesions should be classified and reported as "Inflammatory Pseudotumor"

Conjunctival bacterial flora and antibiotic resistance pattern in patients undergoing cataract surgery

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the conjunctival bacterial flora and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in eyes of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Conjunctival soap was obtained on the day of surgery before the application of topical anesthetic, antibiotic or povidone-iodine. Culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed. The data was analyseed with X[2] and T tests. Of the 170 patients 89 cases [52.4%] had positive cultures in the eyes. In 79 eyes [88.8%] found coagulase-negative Staphylococcus [CoNS]. Eighty two cases [95.3%] of isolated Staphylococcus were susceptible to Amikacin, 86[100%] sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and 42 [48.8%] sensitive to Ceftazidime. Average susceptibility and resistancy to antibiotics was 2.6 [ +/- 1.8] antibiotics in women and 1.6 [ +/- 1 .4] in men [P= 0.009]. This study showed that the bacterium most frequently found in the conjunctival flora of the patients undergoing cataract surgery was CoNS. Isolates of this bacterium had low CoNS susceptibility rates to Caftazidime and Vancomycin and high susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin

Incidence of Breast cancer in breast sample pathology reports in Iran [Kermanshah] 2001-2004

Despite the high incidence of breast cancer and it's high mortality and morbidity in the west, there was not an accurate survey on the types of breast pathologies in breast sample reports. In a descriptive survey of breast sample reports 2001-2004 in IRAN [Kermanshah], from 48,742 histo-pathologic reports, 904 reports were related to breast. The data from breast pathology reports were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The most common age for patients with breast pathologies was 21-40 [52.1%]. In 89.5% the Dimples were related to women and 10.5% to men. Fibroadenoma was the most common disorder reported in breast samples under 20 years old [52.3%], fibrocystic disease among 20-40 and breast malignancy among 41-60 [59.3%] Over age 60 also breast malignancy [41.9%] was the most common diagnosis, 1.02% of breast cancers were in men and other cases were in women. In 23.9% of women samples the diagnosis was breast malignancy, 34.35% of cases with malignancy were under age 40. Mean age of breast cancer was 45 +/- 9. The most prevalant pathology in malignancies was invasive ductal carcinoma [52.7%]. The mean age of breast cancer in our survey is lower than western reports and breast cancer under age 40 is more common. In future studies the cause must be evaluated .Malignancy in breast samples was 23.9%, That coordinates with western reports