ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the effect of organophosphate poisoning [OPP] among patients at tertiary healthcare, Pakistan
Methods: This cohort study was conducted over a six-year period [January 2011 to December 2016] of OPP patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women SBA, Hospital Pakistan and their outcome was determined
Results: Total mortality was 17.39% [84 deaths in 483 patients, excluding those referred to Karachi]. Out of these 84 deaths, 65 patients [13.46%] expired due to cardiorespiratory failure, 17 deaths [3.52%] followed due to complication of mechanical ventilation and ICU acquired infection and two deaths [0.41%] occurred due to renal failure. The major cause of poisoning was deliberate self-harm /suicidal intention [93.02%], with gender distribution of female [57.07%] and male [35.95%], followed by unintentional/accidental exposure [6.98%] in males. The intensive supportive treatment, precise and appropriate respiratory care, and adequate amount of atropine and pralidoxime doses are keys to reducing the OPP patient's mortality
Conclusion: Organophosphate poisoning [OPP] intoxication is common in female gender. The easy availability of these harmful compounds has resulted in increased mortality either by accidental exposure or most often by the deliberate suicidal attempt
ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of the study is to study the procedure of endotracheal intubation; its methods between Rapid sequence intubation and crash intubation its success rates and the associated short term complications at the accident and emergency department of a government run hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Study Design: Case series
Setting: Accident and Emergency Department of Civil Hospital Karachi
Period: 2010 to 2012
Methods: The sample size taken is of 260 patients, all of whom must be above the age of 14 years, and undergo the procedure of emergency endotracheal intubation. Rapid sequence intubation is analyzed against crash intubation using descriptive type of statistical analysis. The significance level was p<0.05
Results: From the 260 Endotracheal intubations performed, 45 [17.30%] had to be discarded on account of incomplete data. The remaining study population was 215 patients [123 males, 92 females] Rapid sequence intubation was the commonest type [n=138, 64.18%]. Head and neck injury, pulmonary edema was the common complication. Crash intubation was the second type [n= 77, 35.8%] Primary attempt success was found to be 97% [n=134] in rapid sequence intubation and 80% [n = 62] in crash Endotracheal intubations. A total of 13 complications [6.04%] were observed
Conclusion: In light of the results obtained our study shows a satisfactory success rate on using either mentioned types of intubation procedures that is either RSI or Crash Intubation
ABSTRACT
Hyperlipidemia is one of the main underlying causes of cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to assess lipid profiles according to sex and place of residence in Iran. This descriptive study is an analysis of the first phase of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, which was conducted in Isfahan and Najaf-abad. The inclusion criteria consisted of Iranian nationality, having lived in above cities longer than six months, and absence of chronic diseases, mental retardation or pregnancy. Sampling was conducted using the randomized cluster method. In addition to collecting demographic data [age, sex, smoking, drug use and menopause], the questionnaire checked the results of paraclinical tests [total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density liporotein cholesterol [LDL-C], triglycerides [TG] and the body mass index [BMI]. The collected data were analyzed with tstudent, one-way ANOVA, and chi- square tests. Of 3988 individuals over 30 years, 52.4% were female and 47.6% were male. 79% and 21% lived in urban and rural area respectively. In both male and female significant difference was seen in respect of various types of dyslipidemia. After matching the subjects for age, smoking, BMI, and menopause, it was observed that elevation of TC and LDL-C levels and the decrease in HDLC level were more prominent in female, and the increase in triglycerides level was more marked in male [p<0.0001]. LDL-C and triglycerides disorders were seen more frequently in urban and rural area, respectively [p<0.0001]. Dyslipidemia became more prevalent with aging in both sexes. In female, dyslipidemia was more prevalent at older age. The high prevalence of dyslipidemias may be accounted by unhealthy lifestyle, unhealthy nutrition, and inadequate physical activity in Iranian people. Hence, lifestyle modification can reduce the prevalence of dyslipidemias and cardiovascular diseases