ABSTRACT
Background@#In recent years, an increased incidence of breast cancer has made this disease the most common malignancy among Iranian women. Since education plays an important role in the implementation of preventive behaviors in breast cancer treatment, this study investigates the effect of educational interventions on the promotion of lifestyle-related behaviors that prevent breast cancer in middle-aged women. @*Methods@#In this randomized control study, 120 women referred to Neyshabur Health Services Centers were randomly selected and divided into two groups: an intervention group (60 subjects) and a control group (60 subjects). An educational intervention was carried out over five sessions, based on protective motivation theory constructs. Participants completed a researcher-designed questionnaire immediately and again 2 months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 19.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). @*Results@#The results revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of participants exposed to protective motivation theory, awareness, and physical activities immediately and also 2 months after the intervention (P<0.05). Although the healthy diet scores of the two groups differed significantly immediately after the educational intervention (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the groups 2 months after the intervention (P<0.05). @*Conclusion@#Given the effective role of education in protective motivation theory and the physical activity levels of the women who participated in this research, it seems clear that the women’s financial status shaped their ability to consume more fruits and vegetables. As this social element impacts the health of individuals, training programs alone cannot succeed.
ABSTRACT
Background@#In recent years, an increased incidence of breast cancer has made this disease the most common malignancy among Iranian women. Since education plays an important role in the implementation of preventive behaviors in breast cancer treatment, this study investigates the effect of educational interventions on the promotion of lifestyle-related behaviors that prevent breast cancer in middle-aged women. @*Methods@#In this randomized control study, 120 women referred to Neyshabur Health Services Centers were randomly selected and divided into two groups: an intervention group (60 subjects) and a control group (60 subjects). An educational intervention was carried out over five sessions, based on protective motivation theory constructs. Participants completed a researcher-designed questionnaire immediately and again 2 months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 19.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). @*Results@#The results revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of participants exposed to protective motivation theory, awareness, and physical activities immediately and also 2 months after the intervention (P<0.05). Although the healthy diet scores of the two groups differed significantly immediately after the educational intervention (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the groups 2 months after the intervention (P<0.05). @*Conclusion@#Given the effective role of education in protective motivation theory and the physical activity levels of the women who participated in this research, it seems clear that the women’s financial status shaped their ability to consume more fruits and vegetables. As this social element impacts the health of individuals, training programs alone cannot succeed.
ABSTRACT
Background: Understanding the motives and reasons for drug treatment is very important. This study aimed to develop a psychometric evaluation to determine the reasons for addiction treatment among outpatients referred to addiction treatment clinics
Methods: This cross-sectional validation study included five phases [i] Item generation [ii] Making an initial questionnaire [iii] Content validity [iv] Reliability analysis and [v] Structure validity. Addiction treatment motivations were identified by reviewing literatures and interviews with 21 stakeholders. A 30-item questionnaire was used for data collection and a random sample of 300 participants completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using content validity [CVR and CVI], internal consistency [Chronbach's alpha coefficient] and exploratory factor analysis [EFA] by SPSS version 16 software
Results: With exploratory factor analysis, 22 items that were remaining jointly explained 60.6% of the variance observed. Inconsistency assessment, Cronbach's coefficient [a] of items was 0.9. Items with CVIs and CVRs greater than 0.84, remained and factor loading cut off > 0.5 as valid items. They were loaded into four factor solution for the questionnaire, namely: family factors, threats, friend's factors and self-efficacy
Conclusions: This study suggests a reliable and valid instrument with four factors related to motives of addiction treatment
ABSTRACT
Sometimes physicians need to assess some markers on selected children's cerebrospinal fluid according to lumbar puncture [LP]. Although immediate diagnosis and treatment especially for meningitis in necessary, But just at this moment, due to some incorrect believe in society, some parents may not allow physician to LP. The reality is that most of these people, if they have enough information about this issue, will not interfere. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of parents toward this subject. Through a cross - sectional study we evaluated 91 parents of children, who must been undergone LP as physician's decision, selected during 18 months using purposive sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that consisted of two sections of the child and the parents' knowledge and attitudes. Scientific validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity. To achieve the objectives, SPSS 15 and descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used. 61 parents [67%] mentioned fear of some side effects as the main reason of their children 's LP discontent .The most important cause of fear was low back pain according to 50 [54.9%] parents 's view. 70 parents [76.9%] had some satisfaction after performing LP .There was statistically significant difference between proportion of satisfied parents and non-satisfied ones [p<0.001]. Average score parental satisfaction for LP was [7.2 +/- 3.2 87]. It seems that improvement of parents 's information about LP process and it's benefits by health care group, may influence on their belief and cooperation during diagnostic tests
ABSTRACT
It is still controversial whether certain endoscopic features can be used to diagnose Helicobacter pylori related gastritis. Our aim was to determine how macroscopic findings were related to histomorphological changes and the presence of H. pylori in patients undergoing endoscopy. The study population involved 501 consecutive gastrointestinal [GI] clinic admissions who underwent esphagogastroduodenoscopy for upper GI symptoms between October 2002 and March 2004. At least 2 antral and 2 body biopsies were obtained from each patient and were examined histologically for the presence of gastritis and were stained for H. pylori using modified Giemsa staining method. Endoscopic findings were reviewed retrospectively by two experts blinded to the H. pylori status and patients history. The endoscopic findings of gastritis, classified by a modification of the Sydney system and histological findings were determined by updated Sydney system. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 11. A total of 501 consecutive patients [256 females, 245males] ranging from 8 to 91 years [mean, 49.5 years] were studied. H. pylori was found in 326 patients [65.1%]. Relative frequency of H pylori in females was 53% and in males was 47%. Rugal hypertrophy, raised erosion and bleeding were observed only in patients with H. pylori infection [specificity=100%]. Neutrophil activity also was observed only in patients with H. pylori infection. Among endoscopic findings, erythema showed a high sensitivity [81.3%] and positive predictive value [87.1%] for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Gastritis was present in 84.3% of all patients and 97% [316/326] of those with H. pylori and 56.6% [99/175] of those without H. pylori. There was significant statistical correlation between H. pylori infection and gastritis [P<0.001]. H. pylori was present in 76% [316/415] of gastritis patients and 5.1% [4/77] of patients without gastritis. An accurate endoscopic assessment of gastritis according to the Sydney system along with the histological findings is valuable indicator of H. pylori infection