ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Considering the importance of sepsis and its complications in the mortality of the patients admitted to different parts of hospital and the importance of early diagnosis and timely and appropriate treatment in the patients' survival, we investigated the value of procalcitonin serum level for the differential diagnosis between infectious and non-infectious SIRS in the patients referring to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj
Material andmethods: In this descriptive analytical [case-control] study, we measured procalcitonin level in SIRS positive patients who had been referring to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj.After obtaing the results of the lab.tests the patients were divided into two groups of infectious SIRS [case group] and non-infectious [control group] based on the final diagnosis made by our infectious diseases specialist. Patients withhistory of antibiotic intake within the last 48 hours, mechanical trauma, heat stroke, recent surgery, cancer and severe burn were excluded from the study. Each group consisted of 30 patients. Using SPSS software, data were analyzed by independent T-test to compare the quantitative data between the two groups. We also used Pearson correlation test to investigate the relationship between procalcitonin serum level and variables related to vital signs and blood markers. P<0.05 was considered significant
Results: Mean procalcitonin serum level in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the patients with higher respiratory rate and higher WBC counts had significant increase in procalcitonin serum level. Results of this study showed that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of procalcitonin test at the threshold of 0.52 ng / ml were 70 percent, 94 percent and 81.7 percent, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values were 75.7 percent and 91.3 percent, respectively
Conclusion: According to the results, procalcitonin level had a significant sensitivity and specificity in the differential diagnosis between infectious and non-infectious SIRS and can be considered as a diagnostic test along with other clinical and paraclinical criteria in the early stages of these disorders. This can be helpful in making early diagnosis and timely administration of medications
ABSTRACT
Metastatic breast cancer is a disease of early breast cancer that usually occurs several years after the early breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. According to the new statistics in Iran 6160 breast cancers are diagnosed in the country each year and 1063 cases lead to death. In this paper, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment have been investigated. In this study, case-control clinical trials and open studies with adequate data were collected. Due to the higher risk of age group 40-49 years and the advent of advanced breast cancer in Iranian women, the early diagnosis and determination of the exact size of the tumor before surgery is important in choosing a therapy plan. The decision on the therapy of invasive breast cancer depends on several factors such as cancer stage, tumor size and type, pathological and cytological status of the tumor, the patient's opinion, the presence or absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and so on.